Life Stage Requirements & Population Groups Flashcards
How many mls of breastmilk does a mother make per day?
710
How many extra g of protein does a breastfeeding mother need?
11
What 3 vitamins/minerals can become depleted in vegetation/vegan mothers?
D, B12 and calcium
What effect does alcohol have on babies?
Makes them sleepy, surprises feeding and inhibits oxytocin
What effect does smoking have on milk supply and baby?
Reduces milk volume and increases risk of SIDS
What effect does caffeine have on baby?
Makes babies irritable and wakeful
Interferes with bioavailability of iron for the baby
Carbohydrate found in breast milk?
Lactose
Protein found in breast milk?
Alpha-lactalbumin
Lipids found in breast milk?
LA, AA and DHA
3 ways breast milk provides immunological protection for baby?
- Colostrum contains white blood cells and antibodies
- Breast milk/colostrum contains 700 species of bacteria (overweight mother has less)
- Colostrum contains bifidus factors which favour the growth of friendly bacteria
What is the iron binding protein in breast milk and what does it do?
Lactoferrin
Binds iron to stop bad bacteria using it and fights viruses that cause diarrhoea
What can cows milk before 1 lead to?
Anaemia, GI blood loss, type 1 diabetes & deficiences
What is the most prevalent deficiency in toddlers and what are the symptoms?
Iron deficiency anaemia
Symptoms: depression, irritability, pale, loss of appetite
What 3 nutrients is it recommended that infants supplement?
A, D and K
What toxic metal can cause the same symptoms as iron deficiency anaemia?
Lead
Adolescence growth spurts happen at what time for males & females?
Females 10/11
Makes 12/13
In adolescents most nutrients are covered by the standard western diet apart from which 5?
Calcium, E, A, D and zinc
What affect can high dairy consumption have on a toddler?
Displace iron rich foods from diet and lead to anaemia
What effect can fizzy drinks have on bones?
Can affect calcium stored in homes resulting in a child failing to develop peak bone mass (inactivity also a contributor)
What effect can high consumption of animal products and low consumption of fruits and vegetables have on girls?
Early maturation and puberty
What is sarcopenia?
Age related loss of muscle mass (weight bearing exercises can slow this down)
What is cholecystokinin and how can it affect older people’s appetite?
Hormone produced in duodenum involved in appetite control
Elderly people have higher levels and increased sensitivity which results in increased satiation and delayed gastric emptying
What is dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing in elderly people due to weakened tongue and cheek muscles
What is Achlorhydria and what can it lead to in the elderly?
Decreased stomach acid
Can lead to B12 deficiency (all elderly people should supplement B12)
B12 deficiency can mimic the symptoms of what disease and what are these symptoms?
Alzheimer’s
Fatigue, dementia, confusion, tingling, weakness
Deficiency in B vitamins in general is linked to what condition?
Dementia
What effect does vitamin E have on the ageing process?
Slows it down and reduces cataracts
Homocysteine is a baker for what two diseases and what nutrient lowers this?
Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s
Folate
Symptoms of zinc deficiency?
Impaired immunity, impaired sense of taste, anorexia and delayed wound healing
