Life Stage Requirements & Population Groups

Question 1

How many mls of breastmilk does a mother make per day?

Answer 1

710

Question 2

How many extra g of protein does a breastfeeding mother need?

Answer 2

11

Question 3

What 3 vitamins/minerals can become depleted in vegetation/vegan mothers?

Answer 3

D, B12 and calcium

Question 4

What effect does alcohol have on babies?

Answer 4

Makes them sleepy, surprises feeding and inhibits oxytocin

Question 5

What effect does smoking have on milk supply and baby?

Answer 5

Reduces milk volume and increases risk of SIDS

Question 6

What effect does caffeine have on baby?

Answer 6

Makes babies irritable and wakeful

Interferes with bioavailability of iron for the baby

Question 7

Carbohydrate found in breast milk?

Answer 7

Lactose

Question 8

Protein found in breast milk?

Answer 8

Alpha-lactalbumin

Question 9

Lipids found in breast milk?

Answer 9

LA, AA and DHA

Question 10

3 ways breast milk provides immunological protection for baby?

Answer 10

1. Colostrum contains white blood cells and antibodies
2. Breast milk/colostrum contains 700 species of bacteria (overweight mother has less)
3. Colostrum contains bifidus factors which favour the growth of friendly bacteria

Question 11

What is the iron binding protein in breast milk and what does it do?

Answer 11

Lactoferrin

Binds iron to stop bad bacteria using it and fights viruses that cause diarrhoea

Question 12

What can cows milk before 1 lead to?

Answer 12

Anaemia, GI blood loss, type 1 diabetes & deficiences

Question 13

What is the most prevalent deficiency in toddlers and what are the symptoms?

Answer 13

Iron deficiency anaemia

Symptoms: depression, irritability, pale, loss of appetite

Question 14

What 3 nutrients is it recommended that infants supplement?

Answer 14

A, D and K

Question 15

What toxic metal can cause the same symptoms as iron deficiency anaemia?

Answer 15

Lead

Question 16

Adolescence growth spurts happen at what time for males & females?

Answer 16

Females 10/11

Makes 12/13

Question 17

In adolescents most nutrients are covered by the standard western diet apart from which 5?

Answer 17

Calcium, E, A, D and zinc

Question 18

What affect can high dairy consumption have on a toddler?

Answer 18

Displace iron rich foods from diet and lead to anaemia

Question 19

What effect can fizzy drinks have on bones?

Answer 19

Can affect calcium stored in homes resulting in a child failing to develop peak bone mass (inactivity also a contributor)

Question 20

What effect can high consumption of animal products and low consumption of fruits and vegetables have on girls?

Answer 20

Early maturation and puberty

Question 21

What is sarcopenia?

Answer 21

Age related loss of muscle mass (weight bearing exercises can slow this down)

Question 22

What is cholecystokinin and how can it affect older people’s appetite?

Answer 22

Hormone produced in duodenum involved in appetite control

Elderly people have higher levels and increased sensitivity which results in increased satiation and delayed gastric emptying

Question 23

What is dysphagia?

Answer 23

Difficulty swallowing in elderly people due to weakened tongue and cheek muscles

Question 24

What is Achlorhydria and what can it lead to in the elderly?

Answer 24

Decreased stomach acid

Can lead to B12 deficiency (all elderly people should supplement B12)

Question 25

B12 deficiency can mimic the symptoms of what disease and what are these symptoms?

Answer 25

Alzheimer’s

Fatigue, dementia, confusion, tingling, weakness

Question 26

Deficiency in B vitamins in general is linked to what condition?

Answer 26

Dementia

Question 27

What effect does vitamin E have on the ageing process?

Answer 27

Slows it down and reduces cataracts

Question 28

Homocysteine is a baker for what two diseases and what nutrient lowers this?

Answer 28

Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s

Folate

Question 29

Symptoms of zinc deficiency?

Answer 29

Impaired immunity, impaired sense of taste, anorexia and delayed wound healing