Energy, Metabolism, Control Of Food Intake & Food Saftey Flashcards
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but transmitted from one form into another
Energy balance =
Energy intake + energy stores - energy expenditure
If I take and expenditure of energy is not equal we either get a negative or positive energy balance, what do these mean?
Negative = utilisation of the bodies energy stores
Positive = increase in body energy stores
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
When food is utilised in the body, there is always a loss of some energy on the form of heat (the energy lost as heat is called entropy)
What is a calorie?
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 degrees
Nutritionally we refer to kilocalories, how many kilocalories make up one calorie?
1kcal = 1000cal
How many kcal in 1g of carbohydrate?
4
How many kcal in 1g fat?
9
How many kcal in 1g of protein?
4
How many kcal in 1g of alcohol?
7
Energy consumed from food can be stored as 3 things, name these?
Fat - major energy stores
Glycogen - short term energy/carbohydrate reserve
Protein - rarely used by the body unless starvation
Metabolic rate depends on what 3 factors?
Basal metabolic rate 70-75%
Physical activity 20%
Thermic effect of food 10%
The body uses the largest amount of its energy to fuel what?
Basal metabolic rate
What is fat free mass (FFM)?
Total amount of non-fat/lean parts of the body
What is the glucostatic theory?
Food consumption is triggered by decreased glucose availability to the tissues
