life science - evolution

Question 1

charles darwin and wallace

Answer 1

thought of natural selection - that populations evolve

Question 2

Lamark

Answer 2

that offspring acquired characteristics - if you cut a mouse tail off, all of its offspring will not have a tail

Question 3

steps of natural selection

Answer 3

1. There is variation among species
2. Not all species survived due to natural selection pressures
3. Those that could adapt, survived and reproduced
4. Over time those that survived passed on the genes to their offspring

Question 4

selection pressures

Answer 4

predators (adapt using camouflage,
food source (adapt to reach/access the food)
weather/climate (have to adapt to stay warm or cool)
adaptations arise due to mutations

Question 5

species

Answer 5

organisms that can produce fertile offspring

Question 6

speciation

Answer 6

the process of forming a new species

Question 7

physical isolation

Answer 7

there is a geographical barrier between species causing them to be reproductively isolated

Question 8

temporal isolation

Answer 8

species reproduce at different times/ages causing them to be reproductively isolated

Question 9

behavioural isolation

Answer 9

species have different behaviours, mating calls, mating dances, that causes them to be reproductively isolated

Question 10

mechanical isolation

Answer 10

species have different sized body parts causing them to be reproductively isolated

Question 11

the process of speciation

Answer 11

1. they are isolated
2. they have different selection pressures and have adapted through natural selection
3. they have become reproductively isolated from each other and are considered separate species

Question 12

evidence of evolution

Answer 12

• DNA evidence (genes, chromosomes)
• Comparing anatomy (body structures)
• Comparing embryology (embryo, babies etc)
• comparing proteins

Question 13

divergent evolution

Answer 13

when two or more species sharing a common ancestor become more different over time

Question 14

convergent evolution

Answer 14

the process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments

Question 15

analogous structures

Answer 15

structures that perform similar functions but aren’t closely related

Question 16

homologous structures

Answer 16

structures that have evolved from common ancestors but now have different functions

Question 17

transitional fossils

Answer 17

show the intermediate state between an ancestral form and its descendants

Question 18

artificial selection

Answer 18

selective breeding for the benefit of humans

Question 19

natural selection

Answer 19

selects for adaptations that allow the organism to survive and reproduce