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History GCSE OCR 2016 > Life in Nazi Germany > Flashcards

Life in Nazi Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain what the SS did and was.

Who?

Led by?

Key role?

Sub-units?

A

Who: highly trained and completely loyal Aryans.

Led by: Heinrich Himmler.

Key role: destroying opposition, carrying out Nazi racial policies.

Sub-units: ‘Waffen-SS’ fought alongside army, ‘Death’s Head’ responsible for concentration camps.

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2
Q

Explain who and what the Gestapo was.

What?

Led by?

Key role?

Informers?

A

What: Secret police.

Led by: Reinhardt Heydrich.

Key role: Sweeping powers of arrest= no evidence or trial needed.

Informers: known as blockleiters, 1:100 people.

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3
Q

Explain how the police and courts were part of the Nazi terror state.

Who?

Led by?

Key role?

‘People’s Court’?

A

Who: high ranking police officers replaced with loyal Nazis.

Led by: Heinrich Himmler.

Key role: act as informers, ignore crimes of Nazi officials.

‘People’s Court’: set up to “try enemies of the state”.

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4
Q

Explain what concentration camps were.

Run by?

Key purpose?

A

Run by: ‘Death’s Heads’ unit of SS.

Key purpose: to detain political prisoners and ‘subhumans’.

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5
Q

What were the aims of Nazi propoganda?

A
  1. Maintain support of people.
  2. Win support for particular policies.
  3. Indoctrinate (brainwash) the people.
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6
Q

Who controlled the ‘Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propoganda’?

A

Josef Goebbels.

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7
Q

How did the Nazis control newspapers, radio and films?

A

Newspapers: censored October 1933.

Radio: powerful because by 1939 70% households owned one.

Films: controlled content of German made and imported films.

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8
Q

How did religious people oppose the Nazis?

Who?

Why?

What?

Nazi response?

A

Who: Protestant pastors Neimoller and Bonhoeffer led an anti-Nazi religious organisation.

Why: Against racial policies and violence, especially Aktion T4.

What: Galen led protest against Aktion T4, Bonhoeffer helped Jews escape.

Nazi response: Niemoller arrested, Bonhoeffer murdered.

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9
Q

How did the youth oppose the Nazis?

Who?

Why?

What?

Nazi response?

A

Who: ‘Edelweiss Pirates’ or for middle class, ‘Swing Youth’.

Why: opposed to being controlled by Nazis.

What: Swing Youth= alternative dress sense, taste in music, Edelweiss Pirates= beat up Hitler Youth member, anti- Nazi graffiti.

Nazi response: Swing Youth largely ignored, Edelweiss Pirates arrested, 12 hanged.

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10
Q

How did the army oppose the Nazis?

Who?

Why?

What?

Nazi response?

A

Who: opposition group led by Count von Stauffenberg.

Why: Sure WW2 was lost, Hitler leading them into further ruin.

What: Planned to kill Hitler, took bomb but failed.

Nazi response: Stauffenberg executed, in total 5,000 killed.

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11
Q

How did the White Rose Movement oppose the Nazis?

Who?

Why?

What?

Nazi response?

A

Who: students at Munich Uni.

Why: Christian and didn’t support Nazi anti-Jew ideas.

What: Non violent=anti-Nazi posters, graffiti.

Nazi response: arrested, tortured and beheaded.

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12
Q

What was the ‘Nazi Terror State’ made up of?

A
  1. SS.
  2. Gestapo.
  3. Police and courts.
  4. Concentration camps.
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13
Q

How were workers worse off under the Nazis?

A

❌Many workers never got the Volkswagen.

❌The daily wage was not enough to buy a beer.

❌The day started at 04:45 and finished at 22:00.

❌’Voluntary’ contributions were automatically deducted from wages.

❌Sleeping conditions and food were terrible.

❌Ten days of holiday per year.

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14
Q

How were workers better off under the Nazis?

A

✅Workers could do many more leisure activites➡️Films, sports.

✅Unemployment went from 5,603,000 to 119,000.

✅Volkswagen were available for workers to start paying towards one.

✅People given hope➡️Off the streets and Germany becoming strong.

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15
Q

Were farmers better or worse off under the Nazis?

A

✅More profits.

✅Nazis supported them.

❌Nazis were controlling.

Overall: Mixed.

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16
Q

Were unskilled workers better or worse off under the Nazis?

A

✅Given jobs.

✅Cheap flats.

❌No unemployment benefit.

❌No ‘strength through joy’.

Overall: Negative.

17
Q

Were small businesses better or worse off under the Nazis?

A

✅Less competition (Jews shut down).

✅More profits.

✅No large department stores.

❌Taken over by big businesses.

Overall: Positive/ Mixed.

18
Q

Were big businesses better or worse off under the Nazis?

A

✅Workers no longer an issue.

✅Made lots of money.

❌Government controlled their business.

Overall: Positive.

19
Q

How did the Nazi party try to control and gain support of young people?

A
  1. Hitler Youth.
  2. Education.
20
Q

How did the Nazi party control and gain support using the Hitler Youth?

A
  • Used to indoctrinate young people.
  • Other youths groups shut down 1933-6➡️1939 compulsory.
  • Separate for boys and girls➡️Girls less important, boy prepared for military service.
21
Q

How did the Nazi party control and gain support using education?

A
  • Control over teachers➡️Those who didn’t teach Nazi beliefs were sacked.
  • Teachers’ camps focussed on indoctrination and physical training➡️97% joined Nazi Teacher’s Association.
  • PE=15% school time.
  • History concentrated on rise of Nazi, injustice of T.O.V and evils of communism and Jews.
  • Biology explained Nazi ideas about race.
  • Geography taught about need for lebensraum.
  • Girls studied differently➡️Domestic science and eugenics.
22
Q

What were Nazi attitudes towards women?

A
  • Work➡️Shouldn’t have jobs, women’s role is in the home.
  • Appearance➡️Beauty, Aryan, Broad, Plain.
  • Fashion➡️No jewellery, flat shoes, simple clothing.
  • Public persona➡️Role is confined and committed to home.
  • Children➡️A woman’s battlefield, rewards for having children.
23
Q

Why did the Nazis persecute different groups?

A
  • Aryan race➡️persecuted:gypsies, blacks, A-socials, gays.
  • Not committed to Nazi Germany➡️persecuted A-socials, political opposition, gays, gypsies, Jews, religious opposition.
  • Jealousy and Suspicion➡️persecuted:Jews.
  • Blame➡️persecuted: Jews, political opposition.
24
Q

How were homosexuals persecuted under the Nazis?

A

1936: Homosexuality enforced as criminal offence.

In total, 15,000 arrested and sent to concentration camps.

25
Q

How were A-socials persecuted under the Nazis?

A

1933: Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring➡️made sterilisation of individuals with different conditions (including alcoholism) compulsory.

26
Q

How were gypsies persecuted under the Nazis?

A

1935: Nuremberg laws forbade them marrying Aryans and removed their German citizenship.

500,000 gypsies killed.

27
Q

How were Jehovahs’ Witnesses persecuted under the Nazis?

A

Whole families arrested, in total as many as 5,000 may have been killed.

28
Q

How were the disabled persecuted under the Nazis?

A

1933: Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring➡️1934-5=350,000 sterilised.
1939: Aktion T4= mercy killings➡️200,000 murdered including 5,000 mentally ill babies and children killed through lethal injection or starvation.

29
Q

Briefly give a timeline of Nazi persecution of the Jews.

A

1933: One-day boycott of Jew shops, doctors and lawyers.
1935: Nuremberg Laws 9-10.
1938: ‘Night of Broken Glass’ or Kristallnacht.
1939: Jews in Poland placed into ghettos.
1941: German Jews made to wear Star of David.
1942: ‘Final solution’➡️Systematically kill all Jews.

30
Q

How did the Nazis control the Church?

A

1933: Christian-Germans➡️Adopted Nazi-style uniforms, etc.
1936: Nazis ran campaigns pressuring children not to attend Church schools.
1937: Xmas carols and nativity plays banned in schools.
1938: Priests stopped from teaching religious classes in schools.
1939: Church schools abolished.

31
Q

Give 5 advantages to life in Nazi Germany.

A

✅All workers made equal by the Nazis.

✅Reduced unemployment.

✅SdA made factories nicer places to work.

✅Many new buildings and grand designs.

✅Olympic Games held in Berlin 1936.

32
Q

Give 8 disadvantages to life in Nazi Germany.

A

❌Nazi judges made fair trials impossible.

❌No freedom of speech.

❌Children encouraged to inform on parents.

❌Censorship increased.

❌Working hours increased.

❌Jews excluded from jobs and education.

❌One party meant no choice who to vote for.

❌Boys and girls taught different subjects.

33
Q

How successfully did the Nazi Party influence young people?

A

Nazis aimed to indoctrinate young people: boys➡️good soldiers and girls➡️homemakers.

✅90% young people had already joined before HY made compulsory.

❌Not complete support e.g: Edelweiss Pirates.

34
Q

How successfully did the Nazi Party influence women?

A

Nazis aimed to make all women mothers and stay at home/no job.

✅Birth rate increased.

❌1937- ‘Duty year’ where women had to work for war effort.

35
Q

How successfully did the Nazi Party influence workers?

A

Nazis aimed to get rid of unemployment and control workers, who typically supported socialists and communists.

✅Significant fall in umemployment and improved worker’s lives.

❌Conditions got worse, long hours and lost a lot of freedoms➡️Gestapo.

36
Q

How successfully did the Nazi Party influence the economy?

A

Nazis aimed to make Germany self-sufficient and reduce unemployment.

✅Significant reduction in unemployment.

❌Never achieved self-sufficiency (autarky).

History GCSE OCR 2016 (13 decks)

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