Life History Patterns

Question 1

Life history

Answer 1

Growth, development and reproduction of a species

Question 2

parthenogenesis

Answer 2

birth of an offspring in which ovum develops without fertilization

Question 3

monogamy

Answer 3

lasting pair bond between one male and one female

Question 4

polygamy

Answer 4

acquisition of two or more mates by one individual

Question 5

polygyny

Answer 5

male pairs with two or more females

Question 6

polyandry

Answer 6

female pairs with two or more males

Question 7

promiscuity

Answer 7

males and females do not form pair bonds

Question 8

simultaneous hermaphrodite

Answer 8

have both male and female at the same time

Question 9

intrasexual selection

Answer 9

based off of competition within one sex for the opportunity to mate

Question 10

sperm competition

Answer 10

competition among sperm from multiple males to fertilixe eggs

Question 11

sexual dimorphism

Answer 11

systematic difference between males and females

Question 12

leks

Answer 12

communal courtship area males use to attract and mate with females

Question 13

iteroparous

Answer 13

can have multiple reproductive events over a lifetime

Question 14

semelparous

Answer 14

have a single reproductive effort and then they die

Question 15

fecundity

Answer 15

potential ability of an organism to produce eggs or young, rate of production of young by a female

Question 16

logistic growth equation

Answer 16

dN/dt=rN(1-N?K)

Question 17

r strategists

Answer 17

short lived
high reproductive rates at low population densities
typically small body size
rapid growth rate
large # of offspring
little parental care

Question 18

Polygyny threshold model

Answer 18

The model shows how females may gain a higher level of biological fitness by mating with a male who already has a mate. The female makes this choice despite other surrounding males because the choice male’s territory, food supply, or other important characteristics are better than those of his competitors, even with two females on the territory.

Question 19

Asexual reproduction

Answer 19

reproduction without fertilization (budding, fission) Advantage:don’t need a mate so don’t need to invest in finding or keeping a mate, population growth can be rapid Disadvantage: loss of genetic variation, can incur fast poplosses when conditions become unfavorable

Question 20

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 20

requires fertilization Advantage: introduces genetic variance Disadvantage: takes energy and time to attract and maintain a mate

Question 21

Dioecious

Answer 21

male and female fowers on separate plants. Advantage of Dioecious plants- ensures cross pollination
Disadvantage- some ovules may not get fertilized
maintain characters that are attractive to pollinators or make lots of pollen

Question 22

stamen

Answer 22

male part, consists of filament and another(pollen)

Question 23

pistil

Answer 23

stigma (where pollen lands), style(where pollen tube travels through ovary (contains ovule)

Question 24

hermaphrodites

Answer 24

both male and female in same flower, organism with both male and female reproductive organs

Question 25

Monoecious

Answer 25

male and female on same plant. Advantage of Monecious plants- easier to pollinate, doesn’t require energy costly flowers
Disadvantage- decrease genetic variation

Question 26

sequential hermaphrodite

Answer 26

organism changes sexes at same time in life

Question 27

protogynous

Answer 27

intial females develop into males

Question 28

protandrous

Answer 28

first male and then develops into female

Question 29

intersexual selection

Answer 29

mate choice differential attractiveness

Question 30

K strategists

Answer 30

competetive species
slow growth rate
larger body size
long lived
stable population s through time
small # of offspring
parental care