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Politics (Ideologies) > Liberalism Key Terms > Flashcards

Liberalism Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What is Classical Liberalism?

A

Political ideology that favours the protection of individual liberty + economic freedom by limiting government powder (17th Century)

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2
Q

What is the Economy? (to Liberals)

A

The way in which goods and services are made, sold, and used in a country or area

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3
Q

What is an Enabling State?

A

The role of the state is to enable people to be free due to equality of opportunity

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4
Q

What is Egotistical Individualism?

A

The idea that individual freedom is associated with self-interest and self-reliance

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5
Q

What is Equality of Opportunity? (to Liberals?)

A

Individuals are provided with an equal chance in life regardless of social class, ethnicity, age, gender, sexuality or religion

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6
Q

What is Formal Equality?

A

The idea that all individuals have the same legal and political rights in society

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7
Q

What is Foundational Equality?

A

The view that we are all born with equal entitlement i.e. there are inalienable rights of man - that cannot be taken away

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8
Q

Who was Betty Friedan? (simplified)

A

A key 20th century Modern Liberal thinker
Wrote ‘The Feminine Mystique’ (1963)
Highlighted ‘The Problem with No Name’ within society - common discontent with all women about their life

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9
Q

What was the Harm Principle?

A

The idea that the actions of the individuals should only be limited if to prevent harm to other individuals

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10
Q

What is Human Nature? (to Liberals)

A

The natural qualities and ways of behaviour that most people have

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11
Q

What is an ideology?

A

A set of opinions or beliefs of a group or an individual

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12
Q

What is Keynesianism?

A

A Liberal economic theory that states governments are able to influence the economy without impacting of people’s freedomsW

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13
Q

Who was John Locke? (simplified)

A

The foundational KEY THINKER of Liberalism
Had a positive view of Human Nature
Developed his ideas in the 17th Century

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14
Q

What was laissez-faire capitalism?

A

An economic system, organised by the market, where goods are produced for exchange and profit, and wealth is privately owned

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15
Q

What is a Limited Government? (to Liberals)

A

The idea that state institutions should be as ‘‘small’’ as possible

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16
Q

What is Meritocracy?

A

Society whereby jobs and pay are allocated based on an individual’s talent and achievements rather than social status

17
Q

Who was John Stuart Mill? (simplified)

A

19th Century KEY Liberal Thinker
Developed the ‘Harm Principle’
Related to both Classic and Modern Liberalism

18
Q

What is a Minimal State?

A

The idea that government should be limited as possible

19
Q

What is Negative Freedom?

A

Coined by Isaiah Berlin
Freedom from government and restrictive laws

20
Q

What is Neo-Liberalism?

A

Political and economic philosophy that emphasizes free trade, deregulation, globalization and a reduction in government spending

21
Q

What is Positive Freedom?

A

Coined by Isaiah Berlin
Being enabled and supported in such a way as to take control of one’s life and realize one’s fundamental purposes
Freedom - personal fulfilment and realisation of potential

22
Q

Who was John Rawls? (simplified)

A

Modern KEY THINKER Liberal who based freedom on a ‘fair society’
Developed the theory of ‘Distributive Justice’

23
Q

What is Rationalism?

A

The idea that humans are thoughtful, and act based on reason

24
Q

What is the ‘Social Contract’ theory?

A

The invisible contract between the people (governed) and the state (government)

25
Q

What is Society?

A

A community or group of people having common traditions, institutions and interests

26
Q

What is ‘separation of powers’?

A

When ‘the state’s’ power is split between equal and supporting parts (often the executive/legislative and the judiciary)

27
Q

What is Social Justice?

A

Justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities and privileges within a society

28
Q

What is a State?

A

The community formed by people and exercising permanent power within a specified territory

29
Q

Who was Mary Wollstonecraft? (simplified)

A

The 18th century Classical KEY THINKER Liberal + Feminist
Pushed for education equality

Politics (Ideologies) (12 decks)

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