Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD4003 OSCEs > LFTs > Flashcards

LFTs Flashcards

1
Q

ALT?

A

Alanine transaminase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

AST?

A

Aspartate aminotransferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ALP?

A

Alkaline phosphatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

GGT?

A

Gamma glutamyltransferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which tests distinguish between hepatocellular damage?

A

ALT, AST and ALP and GGT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which tests assess the livers synthetic function?

A

Bilirubin
Albumin
PT (prothrombin time)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ALT indicates…

A

Found in high concentrations within hepatocytes and enters the blood following hepatocellular injury.
It is, therefore, a useful marker of hepatocellular injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ALP indicates…

A

Particularly concentrated in the liver, bile duct and bone tissues.
ALP is often raised in liver pathology due to increased synthesis in response to cholestasis.
As a result, ALP is a useful indirect marker of cholestasis.

Causes of an isolated rise in ALP include:

  • Bony metastases / primary bone tumours (e.g. sarcoma)
  • Vitamin D deficiency
  • Recent bone fractures
  • Renal osteodystrophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GGT rises in…

A

Biliary epithelial damage and bile flow obstruction

Due to: Alcohol and drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What if the patient is jaundiced but ALT and ALP levels are normal?

A

An isolated rise in bilirubin is suggestive of a pre-hepatic cause of jaundice.

Causes of isolated jaundice include:
Gilbert’s syndrome (most common cause)
Haemolysis (check blood film, full blood count, reticulocyte count, haptoglobin and LDH levels to confirm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 4 main synthetic functions of the liver?

A

Conjugation, (then mixed into bile) and elimination of bilirubin
Synthesis of albumin
Synthesis of clotting factors
Gluconeogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is bilirubin? How it is removed?

A

Bilirubin is a breakdown product of haemoglobin.

Unconjugated bilirubin is conguated by the liver

Conjugated bilirubin = water-soluble and therefore affects the colour of the patient’s urine. Passes into the urine as urobilinogen, causing the urine to become darker.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is cholestasis?

A

When bile cannot flow from liver to gut either due to:

  1. Blockage
  2. Lack of bile production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Causes of unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia

A

Haemolysis (e.g. haemolytic anaemia)
Impaired hepatic uptake (drugs, congestive cardiac failure)
Impaired conjugation (Gilbert’s syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ALT > AST is seen in…

A

Chronic liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

AST > ALT is seen in..

A

Cirrhosis and acute alcohol hepatitis

17
Q

What is hepatitis A?

A

Contaminated food or drink consumption

No specific treatment

Passes within a few months

Vaccine available

18
Q

What is hepatitis B?

A

Blood transmission (materno-foetal transmission, sex, inj drugs)

Adults able to fight infection, children develop Chronic Hep B –> Cirrhosis and liver cancer

Vaccine available

19
Q

What is hepatitis C?

A

Blood-to-blood transmission (sharing needles to inject drugs)

Most people able to fight off infection, if not then chronic hep C remains –> Cirrhosis and liver failure

No vaccine

20
Q

What is hepatitis D?

A

Only affects people with Hep B

Blood-to-blood or sex contact

–> Cirrhosis and liver cancer

No vaccine

21
Q

What is hepatitis E?

A

Short term hepatitis

Due to consumption of raw/undercooked pork meal and shellfish

Mild + short term infection. Immunosuppressant people at risk

No vaccine

22
Q

Causes of acute hepatitis?

A

Poisoning e.g. paracetamol
Infection (hep A-C)
Inadequate perfusion

23
Q

Cause of chronic liver failure?

A

Alcoholic fatty liver
Chronic active hepatitis
Primary biliary cirrhosis

(Less common causes

  • Alpha-1 AT deficiency
  • Wilson’s disease
  • Haemochromatosis )
24
Q

Signs of liver failure?

A

Oedema
Bruising
Ascites
Encephalopathy

25
Q

Aminotranferases - ALT & AST for l___ _____ ____ (Hepatocellular)
Bilirubin – for _____ (bile flow blockage)
ALP & γ-GT for ________ epithelial damage & ________
Albumin for ______ function

A

Aminotranferases - ALT & AST for liver cell damage (Hepatocellular)
Bilirubin – for cholestasis (bile flow blockage)
ALP & γ-GT for biliary epithelial damage &obstruction
Albumin for synthetic function

MD4003 OSCEs (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions