Lexis - open word classes Flashcards
Lexis
The vocabulary of a language (the technical term for words).
Open word class
The overarching lexical category of word classes where new words can continually be added.
Noun
A word that refers to a person, place, thing or event.
Count nown
A noun that c an be preceded by a number and counted.
Count noun - example
Three books.
Mass noun
A noun that can’t be counted and doesn’t have a plural.
Mass noun - examples
Information.
Freedom.
Proper noun
The lexis which refers to names of people, places or organisations.
Proper noun - example
Bournemouth.
Abstract noun
The lexis which refers to states, feelings and concepts that do not have a physical existence.
Abstract nouns - examples
Freedom.
Love.
Concrete noun
The lexis which refers to thinks with a physical existence.
Concrete noun - example
Book.
Collective noun
The lexis which refers to group of things, especially animals.
Collective noun - example
A flock of sheep
Hypernym
An overarching (category) noun which encompasses many other nouns.
Hypernym - examples
Animals.
Vegetables.
Hyponym
A noun with a narrower meaning which is part of a hypernym (category member).
Hyponym - examples
Cow.
Pig.
Carrott.
Pea.
Verb
A word or phrase that describes an action, condition or experience.
Verbal verb
The lexis which is linked to the process of making sounds.
Verbal verb - examples
Shouted.
Whisphered.
Hissed.
Material verb
The lexis which refers to a physical action
Material verb - examples
Running.
Jumping.
Mental verb
The lexis which shows internal processes.
Mental verb - examples
Thinking.
Wishing.
Believing.
Relational verb
The lexis which describes states of being.
Relational verb - examples
Be.
Appear.
Seem.
Dynamic verb
The lexis which describes actions we can take, or things that happen; they have a continuous form.
Dynamic verb - example
Chris kicks the ball.
Stative verb
The lexis which describes states / conditions unlikely to change (possession, feeling, perception, identity).
Typically, they do not have a continuous form.
Stative verb - examples
Chris has a car.
Chris knows a lot.
Chris is a doctor.
Adjective
A word that describes a noun.
Attributive adjective
Adjectives placed before the head noun.
Attributive adjective - examples
A dangerous animal.
Predicative adjective
Adjectives placed after the head noun.
Predicative adjective - example
The day was good.
Demonstrative adjective
Indicates exactly which noun the speaker means and is usually used within spoken language as it requires context.
Demonstrative adjective - examples
These.
Those.
This.
That.
Possessive adjective
A word which is placed before a noun to show ownership.
Possessive adjective - examples
My.
Your.
His.
Her.
Its.
Our.
Your.
Their.
Adverb
A word which describes a verb.
Temporal adverb
A word or phrase which expresses when the verb happens.
Temporal adverb - examples
Tomorrow.
Today.
Later.
Now.
Degree adverb
A word which expresses the intensity of an adjective, adverb or verb.
Degree adverb - examples
Too.
Enough.
Very.
Quite.
Extremely.
Duration adverb
A word which expresses how long the verb happens for.
Duration adverb - examples
Forever.
Minutes.
Frequency adverb
A word which expresses how often the verb happens.
Frequency adverb - examples
Sometimes.
Daily.
Manner adverb
A word which expresses how the verb happens.
Manner adverb - examples
Badly.
Greedily.
Spatial adverb
A word or phrase which expresses where the verb happens.
These can sometimes be used as prepositions where they must be immediately followed by a noun.
Spatial adverb - examples
Here.
There.
Positive
The basic form of an adjective or adverb without any sense of comparison.
Positive - examples
Grumpy.
Fast.
Comparative
An adjective or adverb which compares two things shower greater or lesser degree (usually ends in -er).
Comparative - examples
Grumpier.
Faster.
Superlative
An adjective or an adverb which shows the greatest or least degree (usually ends in - est).
Superlative - examples
Grumpiest.
Fastest.
