Lexis - closed word classes Flashcards
Closed word class
The overarching lexical category of word classes where now words cannot be added.
Determiner / article
A word that comes before a noun or noun phrase to clarify if the noun is specific or general.
Determiner / article - examples
The.
An.
A.
Definite article
Indicates a specific noun.
Definite article - example
The.
Indefinite article
Indicates a non-specific noun.
Indefinite article - examples
An.
A.
Interrogative determiner
Used in the creation of both direct and indirect questions.
Interrogative determiner - examples
What.
When.
Where.
Who.
Which.
Whose.
Why.
How.
Quantifier
A word to give information about the quantity of a noun.
Quantifier - examples
Few.
Some.
Cardinal number
A number which shows a quantity.
Cardinal number - examples
One.
Two.
Ordinal number
A number defining the position of something in a series.
Ordinal number - examples
Firstly.
Secondly.
Preposition
Words which show the location of a noun.
Preposition - example
Under.
Co-ordinating conjunction
A linking word which connects independent clauses or phrases, giving equal importance to each section.
Co-ordinating conjunction - example
And.
But.
Or.
Subordinating conjunction
A linking word which connects an independent clause with a subordinate clause.
Subordinating conjunction - examples
Although.
Because.
Since.
Pronoun
Word which replace nouns.
Pronoun - example
He.
First person pronoun
A pronoun when the speaker is referring to themselves either alone or as part of a group.
First person pronoun - examples
Subject - I (s) / we (plural).
Object - me (s) / us (plural).
Second person pronoun
A pronoun when the speaker is referring to the person / group of people they are talking to.
Second person pronoun - examples
Subject and object - you (s) / you (plural).
Third person pronoun.
A pronoun when the speaker is referring to someone or something other than the speaker or listener.
Third person pronoun - examples
Subject - he, she, it (s) / they (plural).
Object - him, her, it (s) / them (plural).
Personal pronoun
A pronoun that refers to a particular person, group or thing.
Personal pronoun - examples
Subject - I, you, he, she, it, we, they.
Object - me, you, him, her, it, us, them.
Possessive pronoun
A pronoun which takes the place of a noun to show ownership.
Possessive pronoun - examples
Mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs.
Reflexive pronoun
Pronouns that are used when the subject or the object of a sentence are the same.
Reflexive pronoun - examples
Myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
Demonstrative pronoun
Replaces the noun and refers to something specific.
Demonstrative pronoun - examples
These.
Those.
This.
That.
Relative pronoun
A pronoun which introduces a relative clause.
Relative pronoun - examples
Who.
That.
Which.
