Grammar - morphology - word Flashcards
Participle
A word formed from a verb and used as an adjective, noun, or to make compound verb forms.
Participle - examples
Working woman.
He is yelling.
Gerund
A present participle which acts like a noun.
Gerund - example
Skiing is a sport.
Participle adjective
A participle which acts like an adjective.
Participle adjective - examples
The bored man.
The boring man.
Imperative
A verb which gives a command.
Infinitive
The base form of a verb before it has been conjugated - preceded by to.
Infinitive - examples
To sing.
To scream.
Split infinitive
Where another word is placed between the two and verb of an infinitive.
Split infinitive - example
To freely think.
Transitive verb
A verb which is acting upon a direct object.
Transitive verb - example
They laughed at the snow.
Intransitive verb
A verb which is not acting upon a direct object.
Intransitive verb - example
The girls laughed.
Phrasal verb
A compound verb which combines two / three words to create a single unit.
Phrasal verb - examples.
Give up.
Put up with.
Reflexive verb
A form of transitive verb whose subject and object refer to the same person or thing: the object is a reflexive pronoun.
Reflexive verb - example
I taught myself.
Reflexive pronoun
Pronouns that are used when the subject and the object of a sentence are the same.
Reflexive pronoun - examples
Myself.
Himself.
Conjugation
The variation of a form of a verb by which the tense, number, and person are identified.
Regular verb
A verb which follows typical patterns of inflection.
Regular verb - example
To walk.
Irregular verb
A verb which doesn’t follow typical patters of inflection.
Irregular verb - examples
To be.
To go.
Verb aspect
A verb which refers to the time when the action occurs - continuous (progressive aspect) or complete (perfect aspect).
Simple aspect
An inflection of a verb which does not make it clear whether the action is a complete action or habitual.
Simple aspect - examples
I walk.
She flew.
They will cry.
Past simple aspect
An inflection of a verb which shows an action has been completed or was habitual - there are no primary auxiliary verbs.
Past simple aspect - example
I painted the house.
Present simple aspect
An inflection of a verb which shows an action is a fact or habitual - there are no primary auxiliary verbs.
Present simple aspect - example
I take the bus to school.
Future simple aspect
An inflection of a verb which shows an action will certainly happen in the future - there are no primary auxiliary verbs.
Future simple aspect - example
She will visit home.
Perfect aspect
An inflection of a verb which shows the action is completed - shown through have + past participle.
Perfect aspect - examples
I had cleaned.
She has taken.
They will have swum.
Past perfect aspect
An inflection of a verb which shows an action was completed before another took place so it is used in conjunction with another action - shown through the past tense of have + past participle.
Past perfect aspect - example
I had fallen asleep before the baby cried.
Present perfect aspect
An inflection of a verb which shows an action was started in the past and continues in the present - shown through the present tense of have + past participle.
Present perfect aspect - example
I have taken the wrong path.
Future perfect aspect
An inflection of a verb which shows an action that will have been completed at some point in the future and is usually identified with a time expression - shown through the future tense of have + past participle.
Future perfect aspect - example
I will have read this book before Sunday morning.
Progressive aspect
An inflection of a verb which shows the action is ongoing or habitual - shown through be + -ing.
Progressive aspect - examples
He is walking.
She was flying.
They will be crying.
Past progressive aspect
An inflection of a verb which shows the action was ongoing in the past and is often used in conjunction with another action - shown through the past tense of be + -ing.
Past progressive aspect - example
The lions were roaring.
Present progressive aspect
An inflection of a verb which shows the action is ongoing in the present - shown through the present tense of be + -ing.
Present progressive aspect - example
The boys are playing football.
Future progressive aspect
An inflection of a verb which shows the action will be ongoing in the future - shown through the future tense of be + -ing.
Future progressive aspect - example
They will be listening to music on the play.
Perfect progressive aspect
An inflection of a verb which shows the end of an ongoing action - shown through have + been + present participle.
Perfect progressive aspect - examples
We have been walking.
He had been singing.
They will have been thinking.
Past perfect progressive aspect
An inflection of a verb which shows an action was ongoing in the past but has now ended and is often used in conjunction with another action - shown through the past tense of have + been + -ing.
Past perfect progressive aspect - example
We had been waiting for the bus.
Present perfect progressive aspect
An inflection of a verb which shows an action was started in the past and either continues in the present or has recently ended - shown through the present tense of have + been + past participle.
Present perfect progressive aspect
My gran has been taking the wrong pills for years.
Future perfect progressive aspect
An inflection of a verb which shows an action that will be completed at some specified point in the future so is usually identified with a time expression - shown through the future tense of have + been + present participle.
Future perfect progressive aspect - example
She will have been working on this project for three years.
