lexical analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

Acronym

A

An abbreviation formed from the initial letters of other words and pronounced as a word
E.g “NASA, ASAP”

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2
Q

Antonyms

A

Two or more words with opposite meanings

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3
Q

Collocation

A

Collocation is ‘a predictable combination of words’ for example we can say heavy rain but not strong rain because it does not sound right’ likewise, we can say ‘do exercise’ but not ‘make exercise’.

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4
Q

Connotation

A

An associated, symbolic meaning relying on culturally shared conventions

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5
Q

Denotation

A

The dictionary definition of a word

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6
Q

Dysphemism

A

A harsh/blunt term to express an idea, often used for humorous efect

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7
Q

Euphemism

A

A softened or socially acceptable way to express a potentially sensitive area

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8
Q

Field specific lexis

A

Vocabulary associated with a particular topic area

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9
Q

Hyponym

A

A word for a ‘type’ of something else, eg a ‘terrier’ for a ‘dog’

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10
Q

Idiom

A

A ‘stock’ or common phrase/ saying in a language

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11
Q

Initialism

A

An abbreviation consisting of initial letters pronounced separately (e.g. BBC ).

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12
Q

Lexeme

A

A word

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13
Q

Meronym

A

A word for a part of a longer whole, eg ‘wheel for ‘car’

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14
Q

Metaphor

A

A figurative, non-literal way of expressing something

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15
Q

Neologism

A

A new word in a language

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16
Q

Personification

A

Applying human characteristics to an inanimate object

17
Q

Prototype

A

A ‘best fit’ example for a particular category eg. ‘car’ for ‘vehicle’

18
Q

Slang

A

Low formality language, often inventive and particular to individuals or groups

19
Q

Standard English

A

The generally accepted, prestigious form of language form of the language

20
Q

Synonyms

A

Two or more words with similar meanings

21
Q

Taboo

A

Words and phrases that are socially unaccpetable

22
Q

Vulgarism

A

Low formality word or phrase, often from fields views as ‘distasteful’

23
Q

Colloquialism

A

An informal word/phrase more likely to be used in the spoken mode than written
Bloke - a regular man or “guy”