Grammatical Analysis

Question 1

Active Voice

Answer 1

A clause is in active voice when the agent (‘doer’ of the dynamic verb) is in subject position
The cat was chasing the mouse. In this sentence, ‘the cat’ is the subject, ‘was chasing’ is the verb and ‘the mouse’ is the object.
Active Voice- I was doing my assignment. Passive Voice- The assignment was being done by me.

Question 2

Adverbial

Answer 2

A phrase modifying a verb
Sam said it in a polite way.
John was walking so quickly.
I will meet you tomorrow.
Jeff was speaking so roughly.
The man was shouting very loudly.

Question 3

Affected

Answer 3

The noun impacted upon the action of the verb

Question 4

Complement

Answer 4

A noun phrase, prepositional phrase or adjective, giving additional information about another noun phrase
“The box is a present” ‘a present’ is the subject complement which identifies the subject ‘the box’

Question 5

Complex sentence

Answer 5

A sentence with one or more subordinate clauses

Question 6

Compound sentence

Answer 6

A sentence with multiple main clauses only

Question 7

Co-ordination

Answer 7

Linking main clauses to other main clauses to create compound sentences

Question 8

Clause

Answer 8

A ‘string’ of words containing a verb

Question 9

Declarative mood

Answer 9

When a clause functions to declare information

Question 10

Derivational bound morpheme

Answer 10

A morpheme affixed to a root, altering the meaning
eg, ful, ment ness

Question 11

Exclamatory mood

Answer 11

When a clause functions to convey emotion

Question 12

Head

Answer 12

The noun at the heart/ core of a phrase, carrying most meaning

Question 13

Imperative mood

Answer 13

When a clause functions to give command

Question 14

Inflectional bound morpheme

Answer 14

A morpheme affixed to a root, changing the form.
Plural -s,-es
Possesive -‘s
tense -ed
comparison -er
superlative -est

Question 15

Interrogative mood

Answer 15

When a clause functions to pose a question

Question 16

Major sentence

Answer 16

A sentence including a verb

Question 17

Minor sentence

Answer 17

A sentence not including a verb

Question 18

Noun phrase

Answer 18

A head noun plus its pre modification and/or post modification
(small group of words containing a noun but not a verb) eg in the sentence “I found the owner of the dog” “the owner of the dog” is a noun phrase

Question 19

noun phrase

Answer 19

A noun phrase consists of a noun plus any modifiers, complements, and determiners that provide more information about the noun. the extremely tall building next to the ancient bowling alley. (noun phrase)

Question 20

Passive Voice

Answer 20

A clause is in passive voice when the affected (the ‘thing’ suffering the action of the verb) is in subject position
eg The ball was kicked by Chester.

Question 21

Perfect aspect

Answer 21

When the action of the verb has finished
I’ve lived here for ten years. (from 10 years ago until now)
Have you seen my new bike? (at any time up to now)

Question 22

Prepositional phrase

Answer 22

A phrase beginning with a preposition, and including a noun phrase

Question 23

Primary auxiliary verb

Answer 23

“to be”, “to have” and “to do”, when they are not the main verb
These verbs modify other verbs in a full verb phrase, e.g. ‘is going’, ‘has gone’, or ‘did go’. 1. When they function as modifiers, the primary auxiliary verbs ‘is’, ‘do’ and ‘have’ give information about the tense and aspect of the verb phrase.

Question 24

Progressive aspect

Answer 24

When the action of the verb is still continuing
Present Progressive Tense
The whale is eating plankton.
Past Progressive Tense
The whale was eating plankton.
Future Progressive Tense
The whale will be eating plankton.

Question 25

Relative clause

Answer 25

Post-modifying clause beginning with a relative pronoun
“My friend, who just moved here, is coming to dinner with us.” In this sentence, the relative clause is “who just moved here,” because it begins with the relative pronoun “who” which refers to the sentence’s subject.

Question 26

Root morpheme

Answer 26

The morpheme at the core of a word, carrying most of the meaning
For example, in the word ‘unspeakable,’ ‘speak’ would be the root morpheme because ‘un’ and ‘able’ both modify ‘speak.

Question 27

Simple sentence

Answer 27

A sentence made up of just one main clause and nothing else.

Question 28

Subject noun phrase

Answer 28

The noun phrase positioned before the verb

Question 29

Subordination

Answer 29

Linking subordinate clauses to main clauses to create complex sentences

Question 30

Tense

Answer 30

The form of the verb, relating to when the dynamic action takes place

Question 31

verb phrase (or group)

Answer 31

A main verb, plus it’s potential adverbs, negator and auxiliary verbs
He has appeared on screen as an actor. (verb phrase is ‘has appeared’)

Question 32

What are the two types of auxiliary verbs

Answer 32

Modal aux - allows us to expres whether something is likely, possible or neccessary. Should, might, could.
Primary aux- allows us to express aspect. Aspect is a difficult thing to define but has to do with the relation between actions or states. Two primary aux to show aspect are - have+be.

Question 33

What are the two types of modal verbs

Answer 33

epidemic - possibility You must be hungry
Deontic- obligation You must leave now!

Question 34

What is synthetic personalisation

Answer 34

the process of addressing mass audiences as though they were individuals through inclusive language usage.
usually paired with second person personal pronoun “you” “yourself” ““your”