Levels of Public Health Prevention

Question 1

This is characterized by signs and symptoms of illness (acute or chronic)

Answer 1

Clinical Disease

Question 2

Preclinical, subclinical, persistent and latent are the 4 types of ____

Answer 2

Non-clinical disease

Question 3

This type of non-clinical (inapparent) disease is described as not yet clinically apparent. This is after transmission has occurred but sxs or clinical disease has not yet developed; for example an INCUBATION PERIOD

Answer 3

Preclinical

Question 4

This type of non-clinical (inapparent) disease is described as when a person is serologic antibody response positive, but does not progress to clinical illness; we sometimes call these carriers of disease like Typhoid Mary who transmitted typhoid to others but never developed sxs herself

Answer 4

Subclinical

Question 5

This type of non-clinical (inapparent) disease is described as when an infection or disease persists for years, or a chronic state.

Answer 5

Persistent

Question 6

This type of non-clinical (inapparent) disease is described as when the genetic code of an agent is present w/no active multiplication, not the viable organism. We can see this w/TB

Answer 6

Latent

Question 7

This type of prevention is the public health’s response/efforts to eliminate risks which makes POPULATIONS vulnerable to disease

Answer 7

Global/General Prevention

Question 8

This stage of prevention is targeted toward the stage of SUSCEPTIBILITY within the natural history of disease

Answer 8

Primary Prevention

Question 9

This type of prevention usually occurs in the subclinical or incubation period of the Natural History of Disease

Answer 9

Secondary Prevention

Question 10

Diabetic educational programs for diet, foot care, and glucose control. And use of antihypertensives or statins would fall under this level of prevention

Answer 10

Secondary Prevention

Question 11

This level of prevention is aimed at reducing mortality associated w/the complications from the disease and to promote the pt’s adjustment to irremediable (incurable) conditions

Answer 11

Tertiary Prevention

Question 12

This level of prevention occurs during the stage of recovery/disability or death in the Natural History of Disease

Answer 12

Tertiary Prevention

Question 13

This type of prevention is established by policy and/or laws and provided by public health or government agencies

Answer 13

Global Prevention

Question 14

The capacity of a person when exposed to an infectious agent to remain free of infection or clinical illness

Answer 14

Immunity

Question 15

This resistance is a product of the number of susceptible and the probability that those who are susceptible will come into contact w/an infected individual

Answer 15

Herd Immunity

Question 16

He developed the first safe and effective polio vaccine in 1955 w/support from the _____

Answer 16

Dr. Jonas Salk w/ the March of Dimes (non-profit organization started by F.D. Roosevelt)

Question 17

The active resistance developed in response to an antigenic stimulus (infecting organism or vaccine) and characterized by the presence of antibody produced by the host. Is acquired by the host as a result of previous exposure to a natural pathogen or foreign substance for the host.

Answer 17

Biological Immunity

Question 18

The protection of susceptible individuals from communicable disease by administration of living modified agents, suspension of killed organisms, an inactivated toxin, or some portion of an organism through vaccination

Answer 18

Immunization

Question 19

Any biologically active substance that elicits a protective immune response when administered to a susceptible host.

Answer 19

Vaccine

Question 20

This type of vaccine contains a LIVE organism that has been passed/processed within culture or other animals to reduce virulence to humans

Answer 20

Attenuated

Question 21

This type of LIVE vaccine in which an organism has been MODIFIED primarily in intact animals

Answer 21

Modified

Question 22

This type of vaccine is less likely to produce life-long immunity and usually requires booster shots

Answer 22

Killed/Inactivated (ex: flu shot, hepatitis A, polio, rabies)

Question 23

This type of INACTIVATED vaccine includes only the antigens that best stimulate the immune system

Answer 23

Subunit Vaccine (ex: Hep B)

Question 24

This type of INACTIVATED vaccine antigens are linked from a microbe that an infant’s immune system can recognize to the polysaccharides.

Answer 24

Conjugate Vaccine (ex: Influenza type B)

Question 25

This type of INACTIVATED vaccine is created from TOXINS secreted by BACTERIA.

Answer 25

Toxoid Vaccine (ex: diphtheria, tetanus)

Question 26

This type of vaccine is produced by deletion of genes that cause pathogenicity. Can be produced by engineering other organisms (vectors) to produce a specific antigenic component which is separated and used as a vaccine. They use an attenuated virus or bacterium to introduce microbial DNA to cells of the body.

Answer 26

Recombinant (experimental; currently being developed for HIV, rabies, and measles)

Question 27

With this type of vaccine, NUCLEIC ACID is used directly as the antigen. Uses the genes that code for the essential antigens

Answer 27

DNA (experimental; currently being developed for West Nile, herpes, HIV and influenza)

Question 28

This group of medical and public health experts develop recommendations on the use of vaccines in the civilian population of the U.S.

Answer 28

CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)