Levels of Organization Flashcards
Chemical Level
Consists of Atoms and molecules.
Molecules
Two or more atoms of the same element joined together
Cells
The basic structural and functional units of an organism
Organelles
like mini organs that make up a cell. Each had different functions (ie mitochondria)
Tissue
Groups of cells (and the material around them) that work together to perform a particular function.
Types of tissues
1) Epithelium
2) Muscle
3) Nerve
4) Connective Tissue
Organs
Structures composed of two or more different types of tissues (most organs have all 4 basic tissues represented.)
- Specific functions/recognizable shapes
Organ System
consists of related organs with a common function.
- 11 organ systems in the human body
Body Fluids
Dilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals inside or outside of the cell.
- Body must maintain volume and composition of these fluids.
ICF
Intracellular Fluid
(Fluid within a cell)
ECF
Extracellular Fluid
(Fluid outside of a cell)
Types of ECF
- Interstitial Fluid
(between cells and tissues) - Blood Plasma is
(ECF within blood vessels) - Lymph
(ECF within lymphatic vessels). - Cerebrospinal fluid
(ECF in the brain and spinal cord) - Synovial fluid (ECF in joints)
- Aqueous humor (ECF in eyes)
Homeostasis
A condition of equilibrium (balance) within the body.It is a dynamic condition meant to keep body functions in the narrow range compatible with maintaining life.
- Regulated by the nervous and endocrine systems.
Homeostasis may be challenged by..
1) External disruptions such as intense heat or lack of oxygen
2) Changes in the internal environment such as a drop in blood glucose due to lack of food
3) Physiological stress such as demands of work or school
Ion
An atom that gains or loses a electron
Atoms
Their nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons while the electrons orbit in the electron cloud.
Valence shell
Outermost ring of the valence cloud. First shell has max of 2 electrons and every one after that has a max of 8. Each cloud WANTS to be maxed out, so this desire will promote bonding.
Elements
Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means
The 3 sub-atomic particles
1) Protons
2) Neutrons
3) Electrons
What factors influence the rate of a chemical reaction?
1) Temperature
2) Concentration
3)Pressure
What does an enzyme do in a chemical reaction?
Enzymes provide the environment for the reactants and thus lowers the levels of activation of energy that needs to be invested in a chemical reaction.
- Assist in breakdown of food and its energy conversion
- most chemical reactions in body are facilitated by enzymes
- Decrease activation energy for. a given chemical reaction to occur.
Organic Compound
A substance that contains both Carbon & Hydrogen
Inorganic Compound
atomic number
determined by the number of protons
