Chemical Reactions Flashcards
metabolism
the sum of all chemical reactions, catabolic and anabolic, that maintain an organism’s health and life.
Chemical energy
Form of energy that is absorbed as chemical bonds form, stored as they are maintained, and released as they are broken.
exergonic reactions
Chemical reactions that release more energy than they absorb
endergonic
chemical reactions that absorb more energy than they release
reactant
one or more substances that enter into a reaction
Product
one or more substances produced by a reaction
synthesis reaction
Type of anabolic reaction in which two or more atoms or molecules bond, resulting in the formation of a larger molecule.
catalyst
Substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being changed in the process
enzyme
Protein or RNA that catalyzes chemical reactions
Typically composed of a protein
activation energy
the “threshold” level of energy needed to break the bonds in the reactants.
inorganic compound
A substance that does not contain both hydrogen and carbon
organic compound
A substance that contains both carbon and hydrogen
Another name for salts
Electrolytes
Acids
Large molecules composed of hydrogen oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus.
Atoms
smallest unit of an element that retains the unique properties of that element
solvent
A liquid that can dissolve other substances
hydrophilic
Ionic compounds and polar covalent compounds that readily dissolve in water.
hydrophobic
Nonpolar molecules, which do not readily dissolve in water
Monosaccharides
Monomer of carbohydrate; also known as a simple sugar. Pentagonal or Hexagonal in shape
5 Important to the body…
1) Glucose
2) Sucrose
3) Galactose
4) Ribose
5) Deoxyribose
Disaccharides
- formed via dehydration synthesis of two monosaccharides
3 important to the body…
1) Sucrose
2) Lactose
3) Maltose
Polysaccharides
3 Important to the body
1) Starches
2)Glycogen
3)Cellulose
Proteins
Proteins are major components of our cells, tissues, and organs.
Major functions of proteins include
- Support: Structural proteins (e.g. keratin, collagen)
- Movement: Contractile proteins (e.g. actin, myosin)
- Transport: Carrier proteins (e.g. hemoglobin)
- Buffering: Regulation of pH
- Metabolism: Enzymes
- Hormones
- Defense: Antibodies
pH
Potential of Hydrogen
(Measurement of concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution)
