Cells

Question 1

What are the two broad categories of cells?

Answer 1

1) Eukaryotic Cells
(plants and animals) With nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles

2) Prokaryotic Cells
(Bacteria; unicellular)

Question 2

What are organelles?

Answer 2

Specialized parts of cells to perform jobs.

Question 3

Cytosol (cytoplasm)

Question 4

Passive Transport

Answer 4

Form of transport across the cell membrane that does not require input of cellular energy.

Question 5

Ligand

Answer 5

A molecule that binds with a receptor

Question 6

Diffusion

Answer 6

the passive spread of particles through random motions, from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Question 7

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 7

Diffusion of a substance with the aid of a membrane protein.
ie glucose

Question 8

Vesicle

Answer 8

A small spherical sac formed by budding off from a membrane

Question 9

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 9

Cellular organelle formed by a series of flattened, membrane-bound sacs that functions in protein modification, tagging, packaging, and transport.

Question 10

mitochondrion

Answer 10

Powerhouse of the cell. Produces ATP. Bound by a double lipid layer.

Question 11

mutation

Answer 11

Change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene within a cell’s DNA.

Question 12

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Answer 12

A group of extremely reactive peroxides and oxygen-containing radicals that may contribute to cellular damage.

Question 13

Cilia

Answer 13

Small appendage on certain cells formed by microtubules and modified for movement of materials across the cellular surface.

Question 14

Flagella

Answer 14

Appendage on certain cells formed by microtubules and modified for movement