Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Hematocrit
(Packed cell volume)
volume percentage of erythrocytes in a sample of centrifuged blood
whole blood
Blood that is drawn directly from the body from which none of the components have been removed
Buffy coat
Thin, pale layer of leukocytes and platelets that separate the erythrocytes from the plasma in a sample of centrifuged blood.
1% of blood sample
erythrocytes
red blood cells. (RBC)
Bottom 44% of a blood sample
Plasma
top 55% of blood sample
90% = water
10% = nutrients (glucose)
electrolytes (sodium ions)
gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
wastes (urea)
erythropoeitin (EPO)
PROTEIN HORMONE secreted in response to low oxygen levels that triggers the bone marrow to produce red blood cells
alternate:
hormone released by the kidneys that stimulate the myeloid stem cell to differentiate into what will eventually become a mature red blood cell.
blood colloid osmotic pressure
created by plasma proteins, namely albumin, that do not diffuse readily across the capillary membrane and serves to hold water within the vascular space
3 Categories of plasma proteins
1) Albumin
2) Globulin
3) Fibrinogen
Fibrinogen
- plasma protein involved in clotting
- produced in the liver
- about 7% of plasma protein
Albumin
- Most abundant plasma protein, accounting for most of the osmotic pressure of plasma
- Produced and released by the liver
- Accounts for 50%-60% of total plasma protein content in blood.
Globulins
Accounts for 38% of plasma protein volume
Three subtypes
1) Alpha
2) Beta
3) Gamma
Antibodies
(also, immunoglobulins or gamma globulins) antigen-specific proteins produced by specialized B lymphocytes that protect the body by binding to foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses
colony stimulating factors
glycoproteins that trigger the proliferation and differentiation of myeloblasts into granular leukocytes (basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils)
reticulocytes
immature erythrocyte that may still contain fragments of organelles
rouleaux
collection of red blood cells resembling stacked plates
hemoglobin
protein responsible for transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
has four polypeptides (globins)
2 alpha chains
2 beta chains
leukocytes
(WBCs) White blood cells
(also, leukocytes) one of the formed elements of blood that provides defense against disease agents and foreign materials
granulocytes
Granular appearance. Includes…
1) neutrophils
2) eosinophils
3) basophils
agranulocytes
No granular appearance…
1) Monocytes (kidney shaped nucleus)
2) lymphocytes
diapedesis
(also, emigration)
process by which leukocytes squeeze through adjacent cells in a blood vessel wall to enter tissues
positive chemotaxis
process in which a cell is attracted to move in the direction of chemical stimuli
megakaryocyte
- Bone marrow cell that produces platelets
- Starts as a myeloid stem cell
- eventually breaks off fragments that are platelets
Clotting Factors
12 identified substances that are active in coagulation
(most are inactive enzymes produced by the liver)
ABO blood group
blood-type classification based on the presence or absence of A and B glycoproteins on the erythrocyte membrane surface
