Chemistry

Question 1

What is Matter

Answer 1

Any physical substance that has mass and occupies space.

Question 2

Elements

Answer 2

Fundamental Substances that cannot be created or broken down by ordinary chemical means
- 118 total

Question 3

Primary elements of the human body

Answer 3

Oxygen (O) - 65%
Carbon (C) - 18%
Hydrogen (H) - 9.5%
Nitrogen (N) - 3%
and 22 others…

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

smallest unit of an element that retains the unique properties of that element.

Question 5

Valence Shell

Answer 5

Outermost shell of an atom

Question 6

Octet Rule

Answer 6

the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell. When atoms have fewer than eight electrons, they tend to react and form more stable compounds.

Question 7

Atomic number

Answer 7

• Number of protons in an atom’s nucleus.
• Identifies the element.

Question 8

isotope

Answer 8

one of the variations of an element in which the number of neutrons differ from each other

Question 9

radioisotopes

Answer 9

unstable, heavy isotope that gives off subatomic particles, or electromagnetic energy, as it decays; also called radioactive isotopes

Question 10

molecule

Answer 10

2 or more atoms covalently bonded together

Question 11

(chemical) compound

Answer 11

substance composed of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

Question 12

Free Radicals

Answer 12

an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron. With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make radicals highly chemically reactive. Produced by oxidation.

Question 13

Antioxidants

Answer 13

compounds that inhibit oxidation,

Question 14

Acids

Answer 14

Compounds that release Hydrogen (H+) ions in solution.

Question 15

ionic bond

Answer 15

An attraction between an anion and a cation

Question 16

covalent bond

Answer 16

A chemical bond in which who atoms share electrons, thereby completing their valence shells

Question 17

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 17

dipole-dipole bond in which a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom is weakly attracted to a second electronegative atom

Question 18

ion

Answer 18

An atom with an overall positive or negative charge

Question 19

cation

Answer 19

ion with a positive charge

Question 20

anion

Answer 20

ion with a negative charge

Question 21

Lipids

Answer 21

Class of nonpolar organic compounds built from hydrocarbons and distinguished by the fact that they are not soluble in water.