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AG APC > Level 2 - Construction technology > Flashcards

Level 2 - Construction technology Flashcards

1
Q

N1. What is the RIBA Plan of Works?

A

• A plan organising the process of briefing, designing, constructing, maintaining, operating and using building projects into a number of key stages.

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2
Q

N2. How many Key RIBA Stages are there?

A

8

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3
Q

N3. Can you list the RIBA stages?

A
  1. Strategic Definition
  2. Preparation and Brief.
  3. Concept Design.
  4. Developed Design.
  5. Technical Design.
  6. Construction.
  7. Hand-over and close out.
  8. In-use.
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4
Q

N4. What are the benefits of using timber frame construction?

A
  • Quick erection times.
  • Low embodied carbon.
  • Recyclable.
  • Sustainable.
  • Low volume of waste.
  • Manufactured off site = factory control quality assurance.
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5
Q

N5. What are the disadvantages of using timber frame construction?

A
  • Additional Design and engineering time required.
  • If exposed to elements can cause damage.
  • Very Combustible material, requires proper treatment to achieve required fire rating.
  • Can decay if exposed to moisture.
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6
Q

N6. What are the benefits of using concrete frame construction?

A
  • Cost effective.
  • Easily changed on site.
  • Short Lead-in times.
  • Quick.
  • Inherent fire resistance.
  • Good thermal mass.
  • Good acoustic performance.
  • Low maintenance.
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7
Q

N7. What are the disadvantages of concrete frame construction?

A
  • Needs to be cured on site, which can affect the strength.
  • Cracks can appear due to shrinkages and live loads.
  • Labour intensive on site to set up and strike formwork etc.
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8
Q

N8. What are the benefits of steel frame construction?

A
  • Easy installation, accurately engineered to fit together onsite.
  • Cost effective, minimal waste as manufactured off site.
  • Does not degrade like timber.
  • Improves construction quality due to off site manufacture = quality assurance.
  • Very durable.
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9
Q

N9. What are disadvantages of steel frame construction?

A
  • High maintenance costs, through painting etc.
  • Requires fireproofing.
  • Can buckle under too much weight.
  • High up-front costs.
  • Long lead-in-times.
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10
Q

N10. What is value engineering?

A

Maximising value, through eliminating unwanted costs whilst improving functionality.

Increasing the margin between value/revenue and cost

Value engineering is not simply cost cutting, it can in fact lead to an increase in cost sometimes.

To succeed in VE, increases in value must be achieved with a lower cost impact. Similarly, decreases in value must be met with a greater reduction in cost/.

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11
Q

N11. What is Value Management?

A

Achieving value for Money, through identifying what is most important and ensuring that function is achieved. Remaining budget if any can be spent elsewhere on less important functions.

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12
Q

N12. What is Value Analysis?

A

Identifying and evaluating each cost, to ensure it is no greater than it needs to be to carry out its function.

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13
Q

N13. What is a Section 106 agreement?

A

Where a developer pays the council a contribution to offset the negative impacts caused by construction and development.

Town and Country Planning Act 1990

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14
Q

N14. What is a Section 38 agreement?

A

A highway that is constructed by the developer to the Local Authorities standard, which may become adopted by the Local Authority and maintained at the public’s expense.

Highways Act 1980

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15
Q

N15. What are the Euro Codes?

A

European Design Codes.

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16
Q

N16. What are British Standards?

A

Standards for the quality of goods and services within Britain.

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17
Q

N17. What act governs the creation of Highways?

A

The Highways act, governing the creation, maintenance and improvement of UK highways.

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18
Q

N18. What is a Party wall?

A
  • A wall that stands on the lands of 2 or more owners and forms part of a building.
  • A wall that stands on the lands of 2 or owners but does not form part of a building, e.g a Garden Wall.
  • A wall that is in one owners land but is used by 2 or more owners to separate their buildings.
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19
Q

N19. What act govern Party Walls?

A

The Party Wall Act 1996.

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20
Q

N20. What does the Party Wall act provide?

A

A framework for preventing and resolving party and boundary wall disputes, when one owner of the party wall disagrees with works the other owner is undertaking.

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21
Q

N21. What is Utility Easement?

A

An agreement (legal) which gives a Utility Company the right to use and access a specific area of property.

BBHLC (UKPN)

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22
Q

N22. What does CIL stand for?

A

Community Infrastructure Levy.

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23
Q

N23. What is a Community Infrastructure Levy?

A

A planning charge used as a tool to allow Local Authorities to support the development of their area by charging developers.

Part 11 of the Planning Act 2008

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24
Q

N24. What are Rights of Light?

A

A form of easement to allow an existing building to maintain the same level of light, despite of new developments.

25
Q

N25. What is oversailing?

A

Where say a crane has to pass over another person’s land, this will require a license.

26
Q

N26. What types of flat roof are there?

A
  • Warm.

* Cold.

27
Q

N27. What is the construction of a warm flat roof?

A
  1. Roof Covering (Waterproof Layer).
  2. Insulation.
  3. Vapour Control Membrane.
  4. Decking
  5. Roof Joists.
  6. Ceiling.
28
Q

N28. What is the construction of a cold flat roof?

A
  1. Roof Cover (Waterproof layer)
  2. Decking.
  3. Roof joists (infilled with insulation).
  4. Ceiling.
29
Q

N29. What are the different types of coverings for a flat roof?

A
  • Single Ply membrane.
  • Mastic Asphalt.
  • Built-up felt.
30
Q

N30. What is the difference between a warm and a cold roof?

A
  • A warm roof will make the entire building structure warm, in an attempt to avoid any cold bridging.
  • A cold roof is where the insulation is placed beneath the roof space, leaving the roof space cold. This will either need to be ventilated or have a breather membrane.
31
Q

N31. What is cold bridging?

A

An area where condensation can form due to it being significantly colder than the rest of a building.

32
Q

N32. Why does cold bridging matter?

A

Designing out areas where cold bridging can occur, i.e. junctions between walls, roofs and floors will help the sustainable performance of a building.

33
Q

N36. What does O&M Manual Stand For?

A

Operation and Maintenance Manual.

34
Q

N37. What is the O&M Manual?

A
  • It is a manual prepared by the Contractor, containing information on the Operation, Maintenance, Decommissioning and demolition of a building.
  • It should be updated by the owner whenever changes to the buildings fabric are made.
35
Q

N38. What might be included within the Operation and Maintenance manual?

A
  • A description of the Main design principles.
  • Details of building construction.
  • As-built drawings and specification.
  • Instructions for the operation and maintenance of the building.
  • Commissioning and testing results.
  • Guarantees, Warrantees and Certificates.
  • Particular requirements for Demolitions, Decommissioning and Disposal.
36
Q

N39. What is the Health and Safety file?

A
  • A file prepared as part of the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations, by the Principal Design.
  • It should identify the risks that could not be eliminated through design, whilst also including information provided by the Principal Contractor.
  • The file should be regularly updated when changes to the building are made.
37
Q

N40. What should be included within the Health and Safety file?

A
  • Description of the works carried out.
  • Any hazards that have not be eliminated through design and how they have been addressed.
  • Key Structural Principles.
  • Location of hazardous materials
  • Information about the removal of installed plant and equipment.
  • H&S information about cleaning and maintaining the structure.
  • As built information for services etc.
38
Q

N41. What are the Health and Safety Issues with Piling?

A
  • Dust.
  • Noise.
  • Vibrations.
  • Plant Instability due to Ground Conditions.
  • Contaminating existing ground.
39
Q

N42. What types of piles do you know of?

A
  • End Bearing Piles.
  • Friction Piles.
  • Hybrid End and Friction Piles.
40
Q

N43. Can you give more information of end bearing piles?

A

• Usually used where there is a solid bedrock low down, which the pile is extended down to.

41
Q

N44. Can you give more information on friction piles?

A
  • Main bearing capacity is created through friction with the material surrounding the pile.
  • Usually very long to create the appropriate friction.
42
Q

N45. Can you give more information on hybrid piles?

A

• Mixture of both end bearing and friction piles.

43
Q

N46. What types of Piling methods do you know of?

A
  • Driven Piles, also known as displacement piles.
  • Bored Piles, also known as replacement piles.
  • Secant Piles, used to create retaining walls.
44
Q

N47. Can you give more information on Secant Piles?

A
  • A form on contiguous piling, which can be used to create retaining walls.
  • Initial piles are bored with gaps, and cast with no reinforcement and a weaker concrete mix.
  • The stronger, insitu piles are bored in the gaps and partially through the existing piles, which care poured in a stronger concrete mix with reinforcement cages.
45
Q

N48. What type of piling materials do you know of?

A
  • Concrete piles. They can come in pre-cast for driven piles, or be poured in-situ.
  • Steel piles. They are pre-made, and can be used when driving piles.
  • Timber piles. They are pre-made, also used when driving piles.
46
Q

N49. What is a Section 278 Agreement?

A

• An agreement between a Local Authority and a Developer outlining the modifications required to an existing highway as part of a new Development.

Highways Act 1980

47
Q

N50. What is a Section 106 Agreement?

A

• An agreement between a Local Authority and a Developer to secure a financial contribution from a developer to aid in the development of the surrounding area.

Town and Country Planning Act 1990

48
Q

N51. What are the types of Flat Roof?

A
  • Cold Roof.

* Warm Roof.

49
Q

N52. What is the difference between Warm Roofs and Cold Roofs?

A
  • A Cold roof has insulation below the rafters above the ceiling, creating a void which needs to be ventilated.
  • A Warm roof has the insulation above the rafters, below the external roof skin, ensuring the roof void is warm.
50
Q

N53. Can you name the components of a truss roof?

A
  • Rafters (Trusses) sit on a wall plate and meet at the top off the roof at the Ridge Board.
  • If creating a warm roof, insulation will site above this with a waterproof membrane, roof felt, batons then tiles.
51
Q

N54. What types of foundations do you know of?

A
  • Strip Foundations.
  • Pad Foundations.
  • Raft Foundations.
  • Ground Beams.
  • Pile Caps.
  • Piled.
  • Basements.
52
Q

N55. Can you give me the basic construction build-up of a non-reinforced strip foundation?

A
  1. Excavate the trench.
  2. Level and compact the bottom.
  3. Put down heave protection if required, e.g. ground with lots of clay.
  4. Pour concrete into the trench, mass fill.
  5. Tamp and vibrate to remove air bubbles and give a flat finish.
  6. Get signed off by the building inspector.
53
Q

N56. Can you give me the basic construction build-up of a raft foundation?

A
  1. Excavate to reduce level.
  2. Level and compact bottom of excavation.
  3. Spread and compact crushed concrete sub-base.
  4. Pour blinding.
  5. Form shuttering.
  6. Place reinforcement mesh and bar.
  7. Pour concrete.
  8. Vibrate and power float to achieve smooth finish.
  9. Get signed off by the building inspector.
54
Q

N57. Can you give me the basic construction build-up of a reinforcement pile cap.

A
  1. Excavate around the pile.
  2. Form earthworks supporting and working space.
  3. Breakout and ‘munch’ the pile down to the desired level.
  4. Level and compact bottom of excavation.
  5. Pour blinding.
  6. Tie pile reinforcement into pile cap reinforcement.
  7. Place formwork.
  8. If sacrificial formwork, backfill.
  9. Pour concrete.
  10. Tamp and vibrate to remove air bubbles.
55
Q

N58. What is Formwork?

A

• The process of placing temporary or permanent moulds into which concrete is poured.

56
Q

N59. What is Falsework?

A
  • Temporary support structures used to support formwork.

* E.g. false to underside of a suspended slab.

57
Q

N60. When would you use a pump in a drainage system?

A

• When the invert level of the drains are lower than the outfall level of the drains leaving the site, hence you need to pump the effluent up through a rising main to allow it the reach the appropriate level, allowing it to enter into the existing system.

58
Q

N64. What types of Earthwork Support do you know of?

A
  • Battered Earthwork Support.
  • Sheet Piled.
  • Secant Piled.
  • Contiguous Piled.
  • Earth Retaining Walls.
  • Trench Boxes – i.e. used for deep drainage installations.
59
Q

N65. What is a battered earthwork support?

A

• Whereby the walls of an excavation are shaped to form a slope, to stop them collapsing. They are then backfilled upon completion.

AG APC (28 decks)

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