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APC Level 1 > Level 2 - Construction technology > Flashcards

Level 2 - Construction technology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the RIBA Plan of Works?

A

• A model for building design and the construction process

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2
Q

How many Key RIBA Stages are there?

A

8

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3
Q

Can you list the RIBA stages?

A
  1. Strategic Definition
  2. Preparation and Brief.
  3. Concept Design.
  4. Spatial Coordination.
  5. Technical Design.
  6. Construction.
  7. Hand-over and close out.
  8. In-use.
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4
Q

What are the benefits of using timber frame construction?

A
  • Readily accessible
  • Biodegradable
  • Versatile
  • Light & easy to transport
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5
Q

What are the disadvantages of using timber frame construction?

A
  • Additional Design and engineering time required.
  • Requires proper treatment to achieve the required fire rating.
  • Susceptible to moisture and mold
  • Less effective soundproofing material
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6
Q

What are the benefits of using concrete frame construction?

A
  • Absorbs and retains heat
  • Very durable
  • Shorter Lead-in times.
  • Non-combustible
  • Water-resistant
  • Good acoustic performance.
  • Low maintenance.
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7
Q

What are the disadvantages of concrete frame construction?

A
  • Cured on site, which can affect the strength.
  • Heavy & difficult to transport
  • Labour intensive on-site
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8
Q

What are the benefits of steel frame construction?

A
  • Easy installation, accurately engineered to fit together onsite.
  • Cost effective, minimal waste as manufactured off site.
  • Does not degrade like timber.
  • Improves construction quality due to off site manufacture = quality assurance.
  • Very durable.
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9
Q

What are disadvantages of steel frame construction?

A
  • High maintenance costs, through painting etc.
  • Requires fireproofing.
  • Can buckle under too much weight.
  • High up-front costs.
  • Long lead-in-times.
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10
Q

What is value engineering?

A

Maximizing value, by eliminating unwanted costs whilst improving functionality.

Increasing the margin between value/revenue and cost

To succeed in VE, increases in value must be achieved with a lower cost impact.

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11
Q

What is Value Management?

A

Achieving value for money, by identifying what is most important and ensuring that function is achieved.

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12
Q

What is Value Analysis?

A

Identifying and evaluating each cost, to ensure it is no greater than it needs to be to carry out its function.

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13
Q

What is the Town and Country Planning Act 1990?

A

Effects control over the volume of development, appearance, and layout of buildings

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14
Q

What are the British Standards?

A

Recommended minimum standards for materials, components, design and construction

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15
Q

What act governs the creation of Highways?

A

The Highways Act 1980, determines the layout & construction of UK roads and pavements.

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16
Q

What is a Party wall?

A
  • A wall that stands on the lands of 2 or more owners and forms part of a building.
  • A wall that stands on the lands of 2 or owners but does not form part of a building, e.g a Garden Wall.
  • A wall that is in one owners land but is used by 2 or more owners to separate their buildings.
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17
Q

What act governs Party Walls?

A

The Party Wall Act 1996.

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18
Q

What does the Party Wall act provide?

A

A framework for preventing and resolving party and boundary wall disputes, when one owner of the party wall disagrees with works the other owner is undertaking.

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19
Q

What is Utility Easement?

A

An agreement (legal) which gives a Utility Company the right to use and access a specific area of the property.

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20
Q

What does CIL stand for?

A

Community Infrastructure Levy.

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21
Q

What is a Community Infrastructure Levy?

A

A planning charge used as a tool to allow Local Authorities to support the development of their area by charging developers.

Part 11 of the Planning Act 2008

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22
Q

What are Rights of Light?

A

A form of easement that allows the existing buildings to maintain the same level of illumination.

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23
Q

What is oversailing?

A

Where say a crane has to pass over another person’s land, this will require a license.

24
Q

What types of flat roof are there?

A
  • Warm.

* Cold.

25
Q

What is the construction of a warm flat roof?

A

Insulation is placed above the rafters which ensure the entire roof structure is insulated, more energy-efficient.
HIgher profile roof

Roof covering, insulation, membrane, decking, joists, ceiling

26
Q

What is the construction of a cold flat roof?

A

Insulation is placed in between the rafters.

Roof covering, decking, joists, ceiling

Cold conducts through rafters creating cold bridging.
However lower profile roof

27
Q

What are the different types of coverings for a flat roof?

A
  • Single Ply membrane.
  • Mastic Asphalt.
  • Built-up felt.
28
Q

What is the difference between a warm and a cold roof?

A
  • A warm roof will make the entire building structure warm, in an attempt to avoid any cold bridging.
  • A cold roof is where the insulation is placed beneath the roof space, leaving the roof space cold. This will either need to be ventilated or have a breather membrane.
29
Q

What is cold bridging?

A

A weak spot in the insulation to a building

30
Q

Why does cold bridging matter?

A

Designing out areas where cold bridging can occur, i.e. junctions between walls, roofs and floors will help the sustainable performance of a building.

31
Q

What does O&M Manual Stand For?

A

Operation and Maintenance Manual.

32
Q

What is the O&M Manual?

A
  • It is a manual prepared by the Contractor, containing information on the Operation, Maintenance, Decommissioning and demolition of a building.
  • It should be updated by the owner whenever changes to the buildings fabric are made.
33
Q

What might be included in the Operation and Maintenance manual?

A
  • A description of the Main design principles.
  • Details of building construction.
  • As-built drawings and specification.
  • Instructions for the operation and maintenance of the building.
  • Commissioning and testing results.
  • Guarantees, Warrantees and Certificates.
  • Particular requirements for Demolitions, Decommissioning and Disposal.
34
Q

What is the Health and Safety file?

A
  • A file prepared as part of the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations, by the Principal Design.
  • It should identify the risks that could not be eliminated through design, whilst also including information provided by the Principal Contractor.
  • The file should be regularly updated when changes to the building are made.
35
Q

What should be included within the Health and Safety file?

A
  • Description of the works carried out.
  • Any hazards that have not be eliminated through design and how they have been addressed.
  • Key Structural Principles.
  • Location of hazardous materials
  • Information about the removal of installed plant and equipment.
  • H&S information about cleaning and maintaining the structure.
  • As built information for services etc.
36
Q

What are the Health and Safety Issues with Piling?

A
  • Dust.
  • Noise.
  • Vibrations.
  • Plant Instability due to Ground Conditions.
  • Contaminating existing ground.
37
Q

What types of piles do you know of?

A
  • End Bearing Piles.
  • Friction Piles.
  • Replacement
  • Displacement
38
Q

Can you give more information of end bearing piles?

A

Pile transmits load direct to firm strata, receiving lateral restraint from subsoil

39
Q

Can you give more information on friction piles?

A

Pile transmits load to the surrounding soil via friction between the surface of pile and soil which in effect lowers bulb of pressure.

40
Q

Can you give more information on replacement and displacement

A

Replacement is when the hole for the pile shaft is bored into the ground and the void filled with concrete

Displacement is when a preformed pile is driven into the ground displacing the subsoil it passes through

41
Q

What types of Piling techniques do you know of?

A
  • CFA Piles
  • Bored Piles, also known as replacement piles - same as CFA but with temporary pile casing
  • Displacement - no soil removal, soil is displaced laterally.
42
Q

Can you give more information on Secant Piles?

A
  • A form on contiguous piling, which can be used to create retaining walls.
  • Initial piles are bored with gaps, and cast with no reinforcement and a weaker concrete mix.
  • The stronger, insitu piles are bored in the gaps and partially through the existing piles, which care poured in a stronger concrete mix with reinforcement cages.
43
Q

Name some Renewal technologies

A

Solar
Wind
Hydroelectric
Biomass

44
Q

Name some legislation that impacts on design and construction

A

The Health & Safety at Work Act 1974
The Building Act 1984
The Party Wall Act1996
The Disability Discrimination Act

45
Q

What types of foundations do you know of?

A
  • Strip Foundations.
  • Pad Foundations.
  • Raft Foundations.
  • Piles.
46
Q

Can you give me the basic construction build-up of a non-reinforced strip foundation?

A
  1. Excavate the trench.
  2. Level and compact the bottom.
  3. Put down heave protection if required, e.g. ground with lots of clay.
  4. Pour concrete into the trench, mass fill.
  5. Tamp and vibrate to remove air bubbles and give a flat finish.
  6. Get signed off by the building inspector.
47
Q

Can you give me the basic construction build-up of a raft foundation?

A
  1. Excavate to reduce level.
  2. Level and compact bottom of excavation.
  3. Spread and compact crushed concrete sub-base.
  4. Pour blinding.
  5. Form shuttering.
  6. Place reinforcement mesh and bar.
  7. Pour concrete.
  8. Vibrate and power float to achieve smooth finish.
  9. Get signed off by the building inspector.
48
Q

Can you give me the basic construction build-up of a reinforcement pile cap.

A
  1. Excavate around the pile.
  2. Form earthworks supporting and working space.
  3. Breakout and ‘munch’ the pile down to the desired level.
  4. Level and compact bottom of excavation.
  5. Pour blinding.
  6. Tie pile reinforcement into pile cap reinforcement.
  7. Place formwork.
  8. If sacrificial formwork, backfill.
  9. Pour concrete.
  10. Tamp and vibrate to remove air bubbles.
49
Q

What is Formwork?

A

• The process of placing temporary or permanent moulds into which concrete is poured.

50
Q

What is Falsework?

A
  • Temporary support structures used to support formwork.

* E.g. false to underside of a suspended slab.

51
Q

When would you use a pump in a drainage system?

A

• When the invert level of the drains are lower than the outfall level of the drains leaving the site, hence you need to pump the effluent up through a rising main to allow it the reach the appropriate level, allowing it to enter into the existing system.

52
Q

Name regulations that relate to the Health & Safety at work act in construction

A
  • CDM Regulations 2015
  • Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002
  • Working at Height Regulations 2002
53
Q

CDM

When does notification have to be given to the HSE?

A

If a project lasts more than 30 days and involves more than 20 workers.

54
Q

CDM

Who is responsible for appointing the principal designer & contractor?

A

The client

55
Q

CDM

What is the principal designer responsible for?

A

Planning, managing and monitoring health and safety in the pre-construction phase

56
Q

What are the building regulations?

A

A set of standards for the design and construction of buildings to ensure the safety and health of people that must be complied with.

57
Q

Name some Approved Documents

A

Part B - Fire Safety
Part L - Conservation of fuel and power
Part M - Access to and use of buildings

APC Level 1 (9 decks)

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