Leukogram - Ex 2

Question 1

Proliferating pool (BM)

Answer 1

Myeloblasts –> progranulocytes –> myelocytes -> metamyeloctyes (end of proliferation)

Question 2

Maturation and Storgage pool (BM)

Answer 2

Metamyelocytes –> bands –> segmented

Question 3

When the cells leave the BM they enter the ____ ____

Answer 3

blood pool

Question 4

In the blood cells are either in the _____ or the _____

Answer 4

Circulating or the marginating pool

Question 5

Left shift with neutropenia

Answer 5

Severe inflammatory process

Question 6

Left shift

Answer 6

increased conc. of immature neutrophils; if bands > seg, its called “degenerate” left shift

Question 7

If maturation is disorderly

Answer 7

Either consumption is very severe or a neoplastic process is present (leukemia)

Question 8

Leukemia

Answer 8

Neoplastic cells are present in the blood and/or BM

Question 9

Acute leukemia

Answer 9

High proportion of cells are immature, blast cells

Question 10

Chronic leukemia

Answer 10

The cells appear relatively well-differentiated

Question 11

Proliferative disorder

Answer 11

Abnormal development of cells, usually implies neoplasia

Question 12

Lymphosarcoma or Lymphoma

Answer 12

Neoplastic lymphocytes confined to solid tissues

Question 13

Lymphocytic leukemia

Answer 13

Neoplastic lymphocytes in either marrow and/or blood

Question 14

Multiple myeloma

Answer 14

Neoplasm of plasma cells –> involves the BM

Question 15

Myeloproliferative disorders

Answer 15

Neoplasms arising from the BM stem cells, involving nests, monocytes, erythrocytes, or rarely eosm baso, and megakaryocytic

Basically, includes all hematopoietic cells BUT lymphocytes and plasma cells

Question 16

Leukemia cells

Answer 16

are often poorly differentiated

Question 17

Neut toxic change

Answer 17

Due to accelerated rate of production

Question 18

Neut degeneration

Answer 18

Neuts that are not in circulation (e.g. abscess, body cavity, etc) –> unhealthy, dying cell

Question 19

Cytoplasmic granulation - Lymphocytes

Answer 19

High numbers seen with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Ehrlichiosis

Question 20

Cytoplasmic basophilia - Lymphocytes

Answer 20

Active lymphocytes

Question 21

Cytoplasmic vacuolization - Lymphocytes

Answer 21

Can be due to aged sample

• lysosomal storage dz: inherited or acquired

Question 22

Excitement response

Answer 22

Lymphocytosis (up to 2-fold inc)

• Cats

Question 23

Stress response

Answer 23

Lymphopenia with neutrophilia (up to 2x upper limit)

May see monocytosis

Question 24

Neutrophilia - Diff (4)

Answer 24

1. Excitement
2. Stress
3. Inflammation
4. Neoplasia (rare)

Question 25

Monocytosis - Diff (2)

Answer 25

1. Inflammation
2. Stress
   - should be mild

Question 26

Eosinophilia or Basophilia - Diff (4)

Answer 26

1. Parasitism
2. Hypersensitivity
3. Lesions - MCT or lymphoma
4. Inflammation of skin, gut, resp ***
   - heart worms, hook worms, dermatitis, etc

Question 27

Lymphocytosis - Diff (5)

Answer 27

1. Excitement (young cats)
2. Neoplastic lymphoproliferative dz
   - lymphocyte count > 25,000 think leukemia
3. Ag stimulation
4. Addison’s Dz
5. Thymoma

Question 28

Neutropenia - Diff (4)

Answer 28

1. Inflammation –> utilization/consumption
2. Immune mediated destruction
3. Lack of production
4. Increased margination of neutrophils - endotoxemia (GI horse)

Question 29

Lymphopenia - Diff (5)

Answer 29

1. Steroid response
2. Acute viral infection
3. Immunodeficiency (rare)
4. Lymphoma
5. Loss of lymph: lymphangiectasia or chylous effusion