Blood Transfusion and Match - Ex 2 Flashcards
Normovolemic
replace with pRBCs
Hypovolemic
aggressive fluid replacement with pRBCs or WB
Whole blood unites
Contain everything
Fresh WB
Use/process w/in 6 hrs
Collected in house
Stored WB
Use/process w/in ~1 month
Contains everything BUT lacks labile clotting factors and platelets
CPDA-1
Anticoagulent
Shelf life: 35 days WB, 3 weeks pRBCs
Heparin
Anticoagulent
Shelf life: NONE! have to use immediately
*used for cats or small spp
pRBCs
Contains red cells, scant plasma
use w.in 3 weeks
Commonly used with FFP if acute blood loss with CS and/or active bleeding or planned sx
Fresh or Fresh Frozen Plasma
Contains all coagulation factors
Use w/in 6 hrs
*For coagulopathies
Frozen Plasma
Contains stable factors
Cryoprecipitates
Contains higher levels of labile coag factors
Use w.in 1-1.5 yrs
Acute blood loss
WB or pRBCs and crystalloids
Defect of hemostasis/coagulation
FFP, Fresh WB or Plasma, or CryoPP
Hypoproteinemia or severe thrombocytopenia
Can’t really corrected with transfusion
Principle of blood typing
Abs to KNOWN RBC ANTIGENS are used as typing
RBCs to be typed are added to known Abs and mixed
Agglutination = positive result
No agglutination = negative result
IMHA and blood typing
IMHA would cause a false AB typing result in a cat
Felines and transfusion..
Giving type A blood to type B cat = fatal
Universal donor/recipient - cats
NO universal donor
Universal recipient is AB
Naturally occurring Abs
Abs against RB antigens occur due to exposure to environmental allergens (e.g. microorganisms)
Type B cats have strong natural anti-A Abs
Principles of Cross-matching
Detects presence of Abs
Does NOT blood type!
Major X-match
patient SERUM & donor RBC
Match = no agglutination
Minor X-match
donor SERUM & patient RBC
- not very important in dogs
- *should be done in cats
Collecting samples - patient
Red cells in EDTA tube
Serum from clot tube
Collecting samples - donor
On-site donor via venipuncture and placed in EDTA
Donor unit tubing has pigtails that can be cut/torn off and used for testing prior to transfusion
X-match for repeat transfusion
Most labs recommend re-XM with freshly obtained blood for additional transfusions at 4 days post-transfusion
Do you need to XM prior to transfusion of 1st unit in dogs?
Theoretically no, but some clinicians choose to do so
Ideal donor - K9
DEA 1 negative
Universal donor - canine
positive for DEA 4 ONLY
should still XM second blood transfusion at later date
Fading kitten syndrome
Type A kittens born to type B queens
Since cats have naturally occurring Abs
Neonatal isoerythrolysis
Mare previously SENSITIZED
Mare Ag-, Foal & Sire Ag+
