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724 Clin Path > Cytology Eval - Ex 6 > Flashcards

Cytology Eval - Ex 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Slide Exam - Background (4)

A
  1. Blood
  2. Proteinaceous Material
    - mucin, osteoid, amyloid
  3. Broken cells
    - lysed nuclei
    - cytoplasmic blebs
    - granules
    • ruptured mast cells or melanocytes
  4. Debris
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2
Q

Slide Exam - Cells (2)

A
  1. Inflammatory cells
    - neuts
    - MO
    - lymphocytes/plasma cells
    - eosinophils
  2. Tissue cells
    - epithelial: squamous, glandular, non glandular
    - mesenchymal: CT
    - round cells: discrete cells
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3
Q

Epidermal inclusion cysts aka Follicular cysts

A
  • cheesy material aspirated
  • keratinized epithelium
  • cholesterol crystals
  • +/- neut inflammation
  • keratinized epithelial cells become trapped under a layer of epidermis
  • large numbers of anucleate, keratinized, squamous epithelial cells
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4
Q

Apocrine cyst

A
  • clear fluid aspirated
  • low cellularity
  • epithelial cells line the cyst
  • proteinaceous product secreted into the center
  • collection of fluid is expected
  • thin layer of basophilic or eosinophilic proteinaceous material in the background
  • +/- benign-appearing epithelial cells
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5
Q

Sebaceous cyst

A
  • brown, oily fluid aspirated
  • low cellularity
  • basophilic proteinaceous background
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6
Q

Hematoma & Serum

A
  • fluid-filled
  • may need to centrifuge to concentrate
  1. Hematomas
    - hemodilute
    - low numbers of MO
    • contain phagocytized erythrocytes &/or black pigment
      - no platelets
  2. Seromas
    - low number of erythrocytes
    - occasional reactive MO
    - +/- low numbers of neutrophils
    - no platelets
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7
Q

Lymphocytic Inflammation

A
  • small, well-differentiated lymphocytes predominate
  • +/- plasma cells
  • causes:
  • Ag stim (insect bites, vx, viral)
  • type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity
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8
Q

Neutrophilic Inflammation (Suppurative, Purulent)

A
  • 85% neutrophils
  • determine if nets are degenerate or non-degen
  • chronic inflammatory processes
  • karyorrhectic & pyknotic neutrophils
  • low numbers of MO
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9
Q

Degenerate - Neutrophilic inflammation

A
  • Karyolytic with pale, distended chromatin

* assoc’d with bacti or fungi

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10
Q

Non-Degenerate - Neutrophilic inflammation

A
  • Appear similar to neutrophils in peripheral blood
  • consider a sterile inflammatory process:
  • immune-mediated dz
  • caustic injury
  • trauma
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11
Q

Eosinophilic Inflammation

A
  • > 10% eosinophils
  • several neuts
  • Causes:
  • parasites
  • allergy
  • type 1 hypersensitivity run
  • immune-mediated dz
  • paraneoplastic (MCT, carcinomas)
  • supportive of eosinophilic granuloma in cats w/a raised erythematous, alopecia mass
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12
Q

Histiocytic Inflammation (granulomatous)

A
  • reactive MO predominate
  • multinucleate giant cells observed

Causes:

  • foreign body ran
  • fungal infection
  • atypical bacterial infection
  • chronic irritation
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13
Q

Pyogranulomatous

A

Neutrophilic & Histiocytic Inflammation

Causes:

  • foreign body ran
  • fungal infection
  • atypical bacterial infection
  • chronic irritation
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14
Q

What is mixed inflammation?

A

Lymphocytes mixed with neutrophils & MO

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15
Q

4 Chronic inflammatory lesions

A
  1. lick granulomas
  2. vaccine runs
  3. persistent infections
  4. foreign body rxns
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16
Q

Epithelial Cells - Classic appearance

A
  1. Large cells
  2. High cellularity
  3. Sheets with cell junctions
  4. Distinct cytoplasmic borders
  5. Round to polygonal nuclei

*tend to form very dense clusters

17
Q

Epithelial Cells - Neuroendocrine appearance

A
  1. Naked nuclei embedded in cytoplasm

2. Indistinct cytoplasmic boarders

18
Q

Mesenchymal Cells

A
  1. Spindle-shaped or wispy borders
  2. Ovoid nuclei
  3. Found individual or in aggregates
19
Q

Round Cells

A
  1. Small to medium cell size
  2. Moderate cellularity
  3. Individualized cells
  4. Distinct cell borders without cell junctions
  5. Rounded cytoplasm
  6. Round nuclei

**often described as a raised, hairless mass, occasionally red & ulcerated

20
Q

Cellular characteristics - Benign

A
  1. uniform cytoplasmic and nuclear size

2. +/- nucleoli (uniform shape, size, and number)

21
Q

Tumor Behavior - Benign

A
  1. Usually slow-growing
  2. Locally invasive
  3. Do not metastasize
22
Q

Tumor Behavior - Malignant

A
  1. Usually fast-growing
  2. Locally invasive
  3. Metastatic potential

**Look ugly!

23
Q

Characteristics of Malignancy (13)

A
A
A
A
A
A
B
D
I
M
M
N
P
A
  1. Anisocytosis
  2. Anisokaryosis
  3. Abnormal nuclear shape
  4. Aberrant mitotic figures
  5. Atypical cytoplasmic vacuolation
  6. Angular or elongated nucleoli
  7. Binucleation
  8. Dysmaturation of nuclear & cytoplasmic morphology
  9. Increased N:C
  10. Multinucleation
  11. Multiple nucleoli
  12. Nuclear molding
  13. Prominent nucleoli
24
Q

Tumor Behavior - Misc

A

“Malignant changes can occur secondary to inflammation

Certain tumors do not follow the rules:

  1. Neuroendocrine tumors
  2. Mammary tumors
  3. Perianal tumors
  4. Round cell tumors

724 Clin Path (29 decks)

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