Leukocytes Flashcards
Leukocytes have..
cytoplasm + nucleus
unlike RBC
What does cytoplasm do?
protein synthesis
What does nucleus do?
DNA carrying genetic message transmitted to cytoplasm by RNA
Diapedesis
migration of WBCS through vessel walls to tissues
Function of WBC
defend body against foreign substances
Kinds of WBC
granulocytes & arganulocytes
kinds of granulocytes
neutrophils (most numerous), eosinophils, basophils
kinds of agranulocytes
lymphocytes (most numerous) & monocytes
Neutrophils
produced in bone marrow
multi-lobed nucleus (2-5 segments) **KNOW THIS
jointed by chromatin strands
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
3 kinds of granules in neurtrophils
1) Azurophilic (primary)- lysosomes
2) Specific (secondary )
3) Tertiary- facilitate diapedesis
function of neutrophils
defense against acute bacterial and fungal infections by phagocytosis
Neutrophilia
high neutrophil numbers in response to infection
Neutropenia
low neutrophil #
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Abnormal neutrophils
6 of more lobes; Vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency; interferes w/ DNA synthesis
Hyposegmented neutrophils
defect in chromatin syntheisis
Eosinophils
bilobed nucleus
Acidophilic grandualed- contain enzymes/lysosomes w/ cytotoxic effect to destroy parasites, neutralization of histamine
Eosinophil function
protection against parasitic infestation, dampen allergic reaction
Basophils
S-shape nucleus w/ dark purple staining cytoplasmic grandules
Basophils functions
Inflammatory profess. Triggers release of IgE
Lymphocytes
roundish dark blue nucleus off center that fills most of the cell (90%)
Lymphocytes function
body’s immune system
3 functional types of lymphocytes
1) T cells- from thymus
2) B-cells- from BM
3) Natural killer cells- programmed to kill foreign cells or tumor cells
Increased lymphocytes
lymphocytosis
decreased lymphocytes
lymphopenia
monocytes
kidney shaped nucleus
Monocyte function:
ingest and break down dead and dying body cells
Secrete cytokines that activate inflammatory response and proliferate other cells
Penia
decrease
cytosine, cythemia, philia
increase
Neutropenia causes
susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections
Eosinophilia
increased eosinophil number
causes:
parasitic infections
allergic reactions (asthma)
Monocytosis
elevation in monocyte count
Lymphocytosis
increase in lymphocyte count. Results from increased production.
Causes: viral infection or cancer
Infectious Mononucleosis (IM)
***NOTE WE NEED TO KNOW
cause of beingn lymphocytosis NOT monocytosis "kissing disease" spread by saliva, sneezing, coughing Virus induced- EBV; type of herpes virus EBV infects epithelial cells and B cells
IM what happens..
increase in lymphocyte # and changes in morphology
—> ATYPICAL LYMPHOCYTES
Diagnosis: NEED TO KNOW
High CBC- high WBC and lymphocyte count
blood smar- atypical lymphocytes
Leukemias
uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic (blood cells) in BM
can be acute- immature blood cells
can be chronic- well-differentiated mature blood cells
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
proliferating cell-primitive lymphoid cell
acute myeloid leukemia
proliferating cell- primitive myeloid cell
Chromic myeloid leukemia
due to philadelphia chromosome mutation; translocation b/w chromosome 22 and 9
results in myeloid marrow hyperplasia
abnormal proliferation of myeloid cells
Lymphomas
Solid tumors that arise in lymphoid tissue and spread to other solid tissues
2 types:
Hodgkin’s and non-hodkins
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Presence of malignant Hodgkin’s Reed-Sternberg cells
enlargement of lymph nodes usually in the neck
Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma
common in immunosuppressed patients
90% of NHL B lymphomas; 10% T-cell lymphomas
Multiple myeloma
third most common hemtoplogic malignancy after leukemia and lymphoma
plasma cells accumulate in bone marrow and cause pressure on walls, bone pain and fractures
