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Basic Tissues > Leukocytes > Flashcards

Leukocytes Flashcards

1
Q

Leukocytes have..

A

cytoplasm + nucleus

unlike RBC

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2
Q

What does cytoplasm do?

A

protein synthesis

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3
Q

What does nucleus do?

A

DNA carrying genetic message transmitted to cytoplasm by RNA

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4
Q

Diapedesis

A

migration of WBCS through vessel walls to tissues

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5
Q

Function of WBC

A

defend body against foreign substances

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6
Q

Kinds of WBC

A

granulocytes & arganulocytes

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7
Q

kinds of granulocytes

A

neutrophils (most numerous), eosinophils, basophils

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8
Q

kinds of agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes (most numerous) & monocytes

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9
Q

Neutrophils

A

produced in bone marrow
multi-lobed nucleus (2-5 segments) **KNOW THIS
jointed by chromatin strands
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes

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10
Q

3 kinds of granules in neurtrophils

A

1) Azurophilic (primary)- lysosomes
2) Specific (secondary )
3) Tertiary- facilitate diapedesis

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11
Q

function of neutrophils

A

defense against acute bacterial and fungal infections by phagocytosis

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12
Q

Neutrophilia

A

high neutrophil numbers in response to infection

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13
Q

Neutropenia

A

low neutrophil #

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14
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Abnormal neutrophils

6 of more lobes; Vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency; interferes w/ DNA synthesis

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15
Q

Hyposegmented neutrophils

A

defect in chromatin syntheisis

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16
Q

Eosinophils

A

bilobed nucleus

Acidophilic grandualed- contain enzymes/lysosomes w/ cytotoxic effect to destroy parasites, neutralization of histamine

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17
Q

Eosinophil function

A

protection against parasitic infestation, dampen allergic reaction

18
Q

Basophils

A

S-shape nucleus w/ dark purple staining cytoplasmic grandules

19
Q

Basophils functions

A

Inflammatory profess. Triggers release of IgE

20
Q

Lymphocytes

A

roundish dark blue nucleus off center that fills most of the cell (90%)

21
Q

Lymphocytes function

A

body’s immune system

22
Q

3 functional types of lymphocytes

A

1) T cells- from thymus
2) B-cells- from BM
3) Natural killer cells- programmed to kill foreign cells or tumor cells

23
Q

Increased lymphocytes

A

lymphocytosis

24
Q

decreased lymphocytes

A

lymphopenia

25
Q

monocytes

A

kidney shaped nucleus

26
Q

Monocyte function:

A

ingest and break down dead and dying body cells

Secrete cytokines that activate inflammatory response and proliferate other cells

27
Q

Penia

A

decrease

28
Q

cytosine, cythemia, philia

A

increase

29
Q

Neutropenia causes

A

susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections

30
Q

Eosinophilia

A

increased eosinophil number
causes:
parasitic infections
allergic reactions (asthma)

31
Q

Monocytosis

A

elevation in monocyte count

32
Q

Lymphocytosis

A

increase in lymphocyte count. Results from increased production.
Causes: viral infection or cancer

33
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis (IM)

***NOTE WE NEED TO KNOW

A 
cause of beingn lymphocytosis NOT monocytosis
"kissing disease"
spread by saliva, sneezing, coughing
Virus induced- EBV; type of herpes virus
EBV infects epithelial cells and B cells
34
Q

IM what happens..

A

increase in lymphocyte # and changes in morphology
—> ATYPICAL LYMPHOCYTES

Diagnosis: NEED TO KNOW
High CBC- high WBC and lymphocyte count
blood smar- atypical lymphocytes

35
Q

Leukemias

A

uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic (blood cells) in BM
can be acute- immature blood cells
can be chronic- well-differentiated mature blood cells

36
Q

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

A

proliferating cell-primitive lymphoid cell

37
Q

acute myeloid leukemia

A

proliferating cell- primitive myeloid cell

38
Q

Chromic myeloid leukemia

A

due to philadelphia chromosome mutation; translocation b/w chromosome 22 and 9

results in myeloid marrow hyperplasia
abnormal proliferation of myeloid cells

39
Q

Lymphomas

A

Solid tumors that arise in lymphoid tissue and spread to other solid tissues
2 types:
Hodgkin’s and non-hodkins

40
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Presence of malignant Hodgkin’s Reed-Sternberg cells

enlargement of lymph nodes usually in the neck

41
Q

Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

common in immunosuppressed patients

90% of NHL B lymphomas; 10% T-cell lymphomas

42
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

third most common hemtoplogic malignancy after leukemia and lymphoma
plasma cells accumulate in bone marrow and cause pressure on walls, bone pain and fractures

Basic Tissues (11 decks)

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