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Basic Tissues > Bone 1 > Flashcards

Bone 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cartilage and bone are made of

A

specialized CT with lots of EC matrix, cells, fibers, ground substance

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2
Q

Bone is made to

A

form the supporting tissues of the body and give you form

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3
Q

Bone is made of

A

Mineralized, rigid connective tissue

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4
Q

Functions of bone include:

A

1) Supports soft tissues
2) Muscle attachments to move body
3) Protects vital organs (good protector of dividing cells from sunlight)
4) Surround bone marrow (blood cell formation)
5) Reservoir of calcium, phosphate, etc (STORAGE)

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5
Q

Cells of bone are:

A

Osteoblast, osteocytes, osteoclasts

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6
Q

Bone matrix contains _____ and _____ material

A

Inorganic and organic **mostly inorganic

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7
Q

Inorganic matter in matrix of bone is

A

Calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, potassium, etc

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8
Q

Calcium and phosphorous form

A

hydroxyapatite crystals

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9
Q

Organic matter in matrix of bone is

A

Type I collagen, ground substance

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10
Q

Bone mineralized extracellular matrix

A

Metabolites can’t diffuse through the matrix so canaliculi are needed to allow communications among cells

Bones can’t grow INTERSTITIALLY

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11
Q

Decalcified bone sections (making histological slide)

A

-Acid solution removes calcium salts and softens bone
-Bone can then be embedded and sections
-Osteocytes are distorted
Downside: cells can become distorted

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12
Q

Ground bone sections (making histological slide)

A

Keeps things more in form

  • Saw bone in slices and grind pieces down until they are very thin
  • Cells are destroyed
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13
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Make bone

  • Matrix (osteoid) synthesis
  • Cuboid to columnar shape
  • Basophilic cytoplasm
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14
Q

Osteocytes

A
  • Derived from osteoblasts
  • Matrix maintenance
  • Found in lacunae
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15
Q

Osteoclasts

A
  • Resorb matrix
  • Remove matrix
  • Large/multinucleated (5-50 cells)
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16
Q

Synathrosis joint

A

Limited/no movement

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17
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

slightly moveable joint

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18
Q

Diathrosis

A

freely moveable joint

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19
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Connected by dense CT

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20
Q

Fibrous joint types:

A

1) Suture- non-moveable found only in skull
2) Syndesmosis: limited movement, b/w radius & ulna
3) Gomphosis- limited movement, only dentoalveolar joint

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21
Q

Cartilagnous joints:

A

connected by cartilage

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22
Q

Cartilaginous joint types:

A

1) Symphysis: fibrocartilage, pubic symphysis

2) Synchondrosis: hyaline cartilage, temporary joint that will eventually fuse, b/w sphenoid and occipital

23
Q

Synovial joints:

A

Articular surfaces with hyaline cartilage, synovial fluid in a capsule

24
Q

Ends of bones are lined with

A

Articular carriage which is a hyaline cartilage with no perichondrium

25
Q

Most hyaline cartilage has _____ but synovial joints ____

A

perichondrium; do not

26
Q

Capsule of the bone lined by

A

synovial membrane that secretes lubricating fluid. Synovial fluid = food source

27
Q

Synovial membrane does not like

A

Articular cartilage or discs/menisci (if present)

28
Q

Long bones

A

longer than they are wide; most of the limb bones

29
Q

Short bones

A

approximately cube-shaped; mostly spongy bone; wrist and ankle bones

30
Q

Flat bones

A

Thin & flat. Two layers of compact bone, with one layer of spongy bone (dipole) between
-Sternum, ribs, skull bones

31
Q

Irregular bones

A

None of the above; some skull bones, hip bones, vertebrae

32
Q

Where do you find compact and spongy bone?

A 
Compact= outside
spongy = inside
33
Q

Anatomy of long bone

A

Diaphysis: shaft (middle)
Epiphyses: at ends
Metaphysis: between diaphysis and epiphyses
Epiphyseal plate/line: when growing made of hyaline cartilage and called plate . When done growing called line
Periosteum: lines outside
Endoseum: lines inside
Articular cartilage: hyaline cartilage w/ no perichondrium (outside later)

34
Q

Surfaces of bones are covered by:

A

Periosteum (2 layers) (external) and endosteum (1 layer) (Inside)

35
Q

Sharpey’s fibers

A

Periosteal collagenous fibers; bind periosteum to bone

36
Q

Compact bone aka cortical bone

A

Outside
-Dense; looks smooth
surrounds the spongy bone

37
Q

Spongy bone aka cancellous bone, trabecular bone

A

Inside
Small, needle like or flat pieces of bone (trabecular)
-Open spaces between the trabecular that are filled with bone marrow
-Not penetrated by blood vessels
NO OSTEONS

38
Q

Woven Bone

A

Immature bone, primary bone
-Found in recently ossified bone
-Prenatal growth and development, healing of a fracture
Found during a short period of time during development

39
Q

Lamellar bone

A

Mature bone, secondary bone
-Compact bone has osteons (Haversion systems)
-Trabecular bone has lamellae, but no osteons
If you see layers.. lamellar bone

40
Q

If your body you have..

A

lamellar bone unless pregnant or healing a bone

41
Q

Woven bone histology

A

First bone to form during development or bone repair
Abundant osteocytes
-Irregular bundles of type 1 collagen
-Less mineralized than lamellar bone (more cells)

42
Q

Lamellar bone histology

A
  • Mature bone that replaces woven bone
  • More mineralized and stronger than woven bone
  • Collagen fibers are arranged parallel to one another within a lamella
43
Q

Lamellar bone

A

Composed of concentric of parallel lamellae (sheets of bone 3 - 7 um thick

  • Osteocytes in lacunae are arranged in rows
  • Canaliculi connect neighboring lacunae
44
Q

4 lamellar systems in compact bone:

A

1) Outer circumferential lamellae
2) Inner circumferential lamellae
3) Osteons (haversian system)
4) interstitial lamellae

45
Q

Outer circumficial lamellae

A

Just deep to periosteum

-Contain sharper’s fibers (type 1 collagen bundles that anchor periosteum to bone)

46
Q

Inner circumferential lamellae

A

Encircle marrow cavity

-Spongy bone trabecular extend from this layer into marrow cavity (how everything inside gets nutrients)

47
Q

Osteons

A

Cynlinders of lamellae

  • 4 - 20 concentric layers around a blood vessel in a Haversian canal
  • Haversian canals are connected by Volkmann’s canals, oriented perpendicular to Haversian canals
48
Q

Cement Line

A

Each osteon is bound by a cement line which is calcified ground substance with little collagen

Collagen bundles are parallel to each other within a lamella but perpendicular to those in adjacent lamellae

49
Q

Osteons can touch cells in adjacent lamellae through

A

gap junctions

50
Q

Canaliculi

A

tunnels of bone forming cell processes . Connect neighboring lacunae

51
Q

Bone remodeling

A

Tissue is removed by osteoclasts and replaced by osteoblasts

-Newer osteons replace older ones

52
Q

Process of bone remodeling

A

Osteoclasts resort osteons and osteoblasts replace them

53
Q

Intersittual lamellae

A

Remnants of old osteons remain as interstitial lamellae, located between osteons

Basic Tissues (11 decks)

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