Cartilage

Question 1

Cartilage

Answer 1

semi-rigid connective tissue
Avascular and neural
Get nutrients from diffusion

Question 2

Functions of cartilage

Answer 2

support framework of some organs
lines the articulating surfaces of bones
shock absorption
makes up the majority of fetal/immature skeleton

Question 3

Matrix of cartilage

Answer 3

contains proteoglycans
Gags are mostly hyaluronic acid, chondroitin-4-sulfate and chondriotin-6-sulfate

has a lot of water which makes it a better shock absorber

Question 4

Chondrocytes

Answer 4

are cartiligate cells

Question 5

Precursor to cartilage are

Answer 5

chondroblasts and chondrogenic cells

Question 6

In type 1 and type 2 cells you will see…

Answer 6

fibroblasts

Question 7

Hyaline cartilage locations

Answer 7

Articular surfaces of long bones
costal cartilage
larynx, trachea, bronchi

Question 8

Elastic cartilage

Answer 8

External ear, epiglottis, eustachian tube

Question 9

Fibrocartilage

Answer 9

Pubic symphysis
TMJ
Intervertebral discs

Question 10

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 10

Most common of the 3 types of cartilage
Involved in endochondral ossification
Collagen is type II
Matrix surrounding each chondrocyte is rich in GAGS

Question 11

Hyaline cartilage matrix

Answer 11

collagen embedded in a gel of proteoglycans and glycoproteins
Proteoglycans associate with hyaluronic acid to form aggregates that interact with collagen
Water binds to GAGS and acts as a shock absorber

Question 12

Hyaline cartilage perichondrium

Answer 12

Hyaline cartilage (except for articular cartilage of joints) is surrounded by a layer called perichondrium)

Contains fibroblasts and type I collagen

Question 13

Layers of periochondrium

Answer 13

Outer fibrous layer - mostly fibroblasts and type 1 collagen

Inner chondrogenic layer- chondroblsats and chondrogenic cells

Question 14

Chondroblasts become surrounded by matrix and become trapped in..

Answer 14

lacunae and when they do they are referred to as chondrocytes (mature cells)

Question 15

Isogenous groups

Answer 15

group of up to 8 cells resulting from mitotic divisions of a single cell

Question 16

Capsular matrix

Answer 16

matrix adjacent to a chondrocyte. Poor in collagen and rich in GAGS

Question 17

Territorial matrix

Answer 17

matrix arround by isogenous groups; more basophilic

Question 18

interterritorial matrix

Answer 18

matrix between isogenous groups; more acidophilic

Question 19

Lacunae

Answer 19

spaces in matrix where chondrocytes are located

Question 20

Elastic cartilage has..

Answer 20

a periochondrium
Chondrocytes, often in isogenous groups which are found in lacunae
type II collagen fibrils

Question 21

Elastic cartilage found in

Answer 21

epiglottis, extern eat, eustachian tube

Question 22

Fibrocartilage

Answer 22

Intermediate between dense connective tissue and hyaline cartilage
No periochondrium
Type II and type I collagen
Chondrocytes in their lacunae and found in parallel rows separated by type I collagen fibers

Question 23

Cartilage development

Answer 23

mesenchyme -> mesenchymal cells proliferate and differentiate -> inner cells become chondrocytes, outer cells become perichondrium

Question 24

Intersitiial growth

Answer 24

mitotic division of preexisting chondrocytes
Cartilage grows by stretching from inside
New matrix expands cartilage from within

Question 25

Apposition growth

Answer 25

differentiation of cells from chondrogenic layer of perichondrium
Growth from the outside
Chondroblasts become chondrocytes when they become embedded in the matrix they produce

Question 26

Appositional includes

Answer 26

bone and cartilage

Question 27

interstitial

Answer 27

includes just cartilage

Question 28

main way you grow as a child is

Answer 28

interstitial .. through cartilage