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Hematology > Leukocytes > Flashcards

Leukocytes Flashcards

1
Q

crucial in the body’s defense against pathogens

A

leukocytes

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2
Q

why are leukocytes colorless?

A

they lack Hb

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3
Q

types of leukocytes

A

Granulocytes and agranulocytes

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4
Q

group of leukocytes whose cytoplasm is filled with granules w/ different staining characteristics

A

granulocytes

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5
Q

types of granulocytes

A

eosinophil, neutrophil and basophil

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6
Q

in granulocyte maturation, this stage has presence of dispersed primary (azurophilic) granules in the cytoplasm

A

myeloblast

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7
Q

in granulocyte maturation, the paranuclear halo or “hof” is usually seen in this stage

A

promyelocyte

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8
Q

this is the last stage capable of mitosis

A

myelocyte

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9
Q

in this stage of Granulocyte maturation, the nucleus is indented (kidney bean shaped)

A

metamyelocyte

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10
Q

in granulocyte maturation, there are presence of tertiary granules

A

band

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11
Q

what granules begin to synthesize in Band

A

secretory

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12
Q

common progenitor of neutrophil

A

granulocyte-monocyte progenitor

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13
Q

major cytokine of neutrophil

A

granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

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14
Q

movement of neutrophils and neutrophil precursors between the different pools in the bone marrow

A

neutrophil kinetics

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15
Q

myeloblast to myelocyte: _ days

A

6 days

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16
Q

maturation pool: _ to _ days

A

4 to 6

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17
Q

chemotaxis

A

directed motility, diapedesis, recognition and ingestion, degranulation, killing and ingestion

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18
Q

they arise from the common myeloid progenitor

A

eosinophil

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19
Q

criticial for eosinophil growth and survival

A

IL-5

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20
Q

transcription factors for eosinophil

A

GATA-1, PU.1 and c/EBP

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21
Q

half life (circulation) for eosinophil kinetics: __ hours

A

18 hours

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22
Q

survival time of eosinophil in human tissues

A

2 to 5 days

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23
Q

the granule that stains heavily with eosin

A

secondary

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24
Q

myelocyte is distinguishable because of the presence of granules containing ____________________

A

major basic protein (mbp)

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25
Q

dead eosinophils/remnants of eosinophils

A

charcot-leyden crystals

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26
Q

function of eosinophil

A

increased in infection by parasitic helminths

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27
Q

hallmark of allergic disorders

A

eosinophilia

28
Q

they are true leukocytes because they mature in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood as mature cells with granules

29
Q

life span of a mature basophil

30
Q

lobulated nuclei with only slightly condensed chromatin

A

immature basophils

31
Q

major cytokine of mast cells

A

KIT ligand

32
Q

types of granulocytes

A

eosinophil, neutrophil and basophil

33
Q

types of agranulocytes/mononuclear cells

A

monocytes and lymphocytes

34
Q

major cytokine of monocyte

A

macrophage colony-stimulating factor

35
Q

lifespan or monocyte

36
Q

in monocyte maturation, they are very rare and difficult to distinguish

37
Q

in monocyte maturation, its size is 12-18 um

A

promonocyte

38
Q

in monocyte maturation,it has many fine azurophilic granules, has ground glass appearance and its nucleus is horse-shoe shaped

39
Q

what to you call many fine azurophilic granules

A

azure dust

40
Q

phagocytize foreign organisms or materials that have been coated with antibodies or complement competents

A

innate immunity

41
Q

both macrophages and dendritic cells degrade antigen and present antigen fragments

A

adaptive immunity

42
Q

removal of debris and dead cells at sites of infections

A

housekeeping functions

43
Q

lymphocytes are divided into three major groups:

A

t cells, b cells, nk cells

44
Q

lymphocytes are divided into two major categories:

A

humoral immunity (antibodies) and cellular immunity (attacks foreign organisms)

45
Q

occurs in the bone marrow and thymus

A

antigen independent lymphocyte

46
Q

occurs in the spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils and musoca-associated lymphoid tissue such as the Peyer’s patches

A

antigen-dependent lymphocyte

47
Q

b-lymphocytes develop initially in the bone marrow and go through three stages known as:

A

pro-b, pre-b and immature b cells

48
Q

also known as hematogenes

A

b-lymphocytes

49
Q

effector b cells are antibody-producing cells

A

plasma cells and plasmacytoid lymphocytes

50
Q

develop initially in the thymus

A

t-lymphocytes

51
Q

t-lymphocytes are subdivided into two major categories:

A

cd4 and cd8 antigens

52
Q

specific zones in which immature t-cells take residence

A

paracortical areas

53
Q

morphology of effector T cells varies with the subtype of T cell involved, and they are
often referred to as

A

reactive or variant lymphocytes

54
Q

large lymphocytes, they are part of the innate immunity and capable of killing certain tumor cells

55
Q

it is the major cell that controls hemostasis

56
Q

largest cell in the bone marrow

A

megakaryocyte

57
Q

pinching to form platelet

A

thrombopoiesis

58
Q

hormone influencing platelet maturation

A

thrombopoietin

59
Q

nuclear division without cytoplasmic division

A

endomitosis

60
Q

platelets arise from unique bone marrow cells called __________

A

megakaryocytes

61
Q

megakaryocyte progenitors:

A

megakaryoblast, promegakaryoblast, granular megakaryote, mature megakaryote and platelet/thrombocyte

62
Q

functions of platelets

A

adhesion, aggregation and secretion

63
Q

platelets roll and cling to nonplatelet surfaces

64
Q

platelets adhere to each other

A

aggregation

65
Q

platelets discharge the contents of their granules

Hematology (5 decks)

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