Leukocytes

Question 1

crucial in the body’s defense against pathogens

Answer 1

leukocytes

Question 2

why are leukocytes colorless?

Answer 2

they lack Hb

Question 3

types of leukocytes

Answer 3

Granulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 4

group of leukocytes whose cytoplasm is filled with granules w/ different staining characteristics

Answer 4

granulocytes

Question 5

types of granulocytes

Answer 5

eosinophil, neutrophil and basophil

Question 6

in granulocyte maturation, this stage has presence of dispersed primary (azurophilic) granules in the cytoplasm

Answer 6

myeloblast

Question 7

in granulocyte maturation, the paranuclear halo or “hof” is usually seen in this stage

Answer 7

promyelocyte

Question 8

this is the last stage capable of mitosis

Answer 8

myelocyte

Question 9

in this stage of Granulocyte maturation, the nucleus is indented (kidney bean shaped)

Answer 9

metamyelocyte

Question 10

in granulocyte maturation, there are presence of tertiary granules

Answer 10

band

Question 11

what granules begin to synthesize in Band

Answer 11

secretory

Question 12

common progenitor of neutrophil

Answer 12

granulocyte-monocyte progenitor

Question 13

major cytokine of neutrophil

Answer 13

granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

Question 14

movement of neutrophils and neutrophil precursors between the different pools in the bone marrow

Answer 14

neutrophil kinetics

Question 15

myeloblast to myelocyte: _ days

Answer 15

6 days

Question 16

maturation pool: _ to _ days

Answer 16

4 to 6

Question 17

chemotaxis

Answer 17

directed motility, diapedesis, recognition and ingestion, degranulation, killing and ingestion

Question 18

they arise from the common myeloid progenitor

Answer 18

eosinophil

Question 19

criticial for eosinophil growth and survival

Answer 19

IL-5

Question 20

transcription factors for eosinophil

Answer 20

GATA-1, PU.1 and c/EBP

Question 21

half life (circulation) for eosinophil kinetics: __ hours

Answer 21

18 hours

Question 22

survival time of eosinophil in human tissues

Answer 22

2 to 5 days

Question 23

the granule that stains heavily with eosin

Answer 23

secondary

Question 24

myelocyte is distinguishable because of the presence of granules containing ____________________

Answer 24

major basic protein (mbp)

Question 25

dead eosinophils/remnants of eosinophils

Answer 25

charcot-leyden crystals

Question 26

function of eosinophil

Answer 26

increased in infection by parasitic helminths

Question 27

hallmark of allergic disorders

Answer 27

eosinophilia

Question 28

they are true leukocytes because they mature in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood as mature cells with granules

Answer 28

basophil

Question 29

life span of a mature basophil

Answer 29

60 hours

Question 30

lobulated nuclei with only slightly condensed chromatin

Answer 30

immature basophils

Question 31

major cytokine of mast cells

Answer 31

KIT ligand

Question 32

types of granulocytes

Answer 32

eosinophil, neutrophil and basophil

Question 33

types of agranulocytes/mononuclear cells

Answer 33

monocytes and lymphocytes

Question 34

major cytokine of monocyte

Answer 34

macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Question 35

lifespan or monocyte

Answer 35

30 hours

Question 36

in monocyte maturation, they are very rare and difficult to distinguish

Answer 36

monoblast

Question 37

in monocyte maturation, its size is 12-18 um

Answer 37

promonocyte

Question 38

in monocyte maturation,it has many fine azurophilic granules, has ground glass appearance and its nucleus is horse-shoe shaped

Answer 38

monocyte

Question 39

what to you call many fine azurophilic granules

Answer 39

azure dust

Question 40

phagocytize foreign organisms or materials that have been coated with antibodies or complement competents

Answer 40

innate immunity

Question 41

both macrophages and dendritic cells degrade antigen and present antigen fragments

Answer 41

adaptive immunity

Question 42

removal of debris and dead cells at sites of infections

Answer 42

housekeeping functions

Question 43

lymphocytes are divided into three major groups:

Answer 43

t cells, b cells, nk cells

Question 44

lymphocytes are divided into two major categories:

Answer 44

humoral immunity (antibodies) and cellular immunity (attacks foreign organisms)

Question 45

occurs in the bone marrow and thymus

Answer 45

antigen independent lymphocyte

Question 46

occurs in the spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils and musoca-associated lymphoid tissue such as the Peyer's patches

Answer 46

antigen-dependent lymphocyte

Question 47

b-lymphocytes develop initially in the bone marrow and go through three stages known as:

Answer 47

pro-b, pre-b and immature b cells

Question 48

also known as hematogenes

Answer 48

b-lymphocytes

Question 49

effector b cells are antibody-producing cells

Answer 49

plasma cells and plasmacytoid lymphocytes

Question 50

develop initially in the thymus

Answer 50

t-lymphocytes

Question 51

t-lymphocytes are subdivided into two major categories:

Answer 51

cd4 and cd8 antigens

Question 52

specific zones in which immature t-cells take residence

Answer 52

paracortical areas

Question 53

morphology of effector T cells varies with the subtype of T cell involved, and they are often referred to as

Answer 53

reactive or variant lymphocytes

Question 54

large lymphocytes, they are part of the innate immunity and capable of killing certain tumor cells

Answer 54

nk cells

Question 55

it is the major cell that controls hemostasis

Answer 55

platelet

Question 56

largest cell in the bone marrow

Answer 56

megakaryocyte

Question 57

pinching to form platelet

Answer 57

thrombopoiesis

Question 58

hormone influencing platelet maturation

Answer 58

thrombopoietin

Question 59

nuclear division without cytoplasmic division

Answer 59

endomitosis

Question 60

platelets arise from unique bone marrow cells called __________

Answer 60

megakaryocytes

Question 61

megakaryocyte progenitors:

Answer 61

megakaryoblast, promegakaryoblast, granular megakaryote, mature megakaryote and platelet/thrombocyte

Question 62

functions of platelets

Answer 62

adhesion, aggregation and secretion

Question 63

platelets roll and cling to nonplatelet surfaces

Answer 63

adhesion

Question 64

platelets adhere to each other

Answer 64

aggregation

Question 65

platelets discharge the contents of their granules

Answer 65

secretion