Erythropoiesis Flashcards
the process of rbc production
erythropoiesis
rbc production normally occurs in?
bone marrow
adult hematopoiesis production sites
verterbrae, ribs, sternum, skull and proximal ends of the femur and humerus
formal name of rbc
erythrocytes
nucleated precursors in the bone marrow
erythroblast
refers to developing nucleated cells with normal appearance
normoblast
abnormal appearance (large size) of the developing nucleated cells in megaloblastic anemia
megaloblast
days required to produce a mature rbc from the BFU-E
18-21 days
the color of rbc changes when it matures, it turns from blue to _______ and then ______.
gray and pink
it is when globin production begins
pronormoblast
detectable hemoglobin occurs
basophilic normoblast
last stage in which the cell is capable of undergoing mitosis
polychromatic normoblast
salmon-pink color of the cytoplasm reflects nearly complete HEMOGLOBIN production
orthocromic normoblast
in polychromatic erythrocyte, it can be stained using __________ or ____________.
methylene blue or brillian cresyl blue
matured erythrocyte remains active in the circulation for how many days?
120 days
describes the dynamics of rbc production and destruction
erythrokinetics
collection of all stages of erythrocytes in the body
erythron
cells in circulation
rbc mass
promote early release of reticulocytes
erythropoietin
deliver and transport of oxygen DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY
erythrocyte metabolism
responsible for 90% of ATP
anaerobic glycolitic pathway (embden meyerhof pathway)
responsible for 10% ATP, also known as hexose monophosphate pathway
pentose phospate pathway
able to convert oxidized heme iron to its reduced state
methemoglobin reductase pathway
necessary for the facilitation of oxygen delivery to the tissues
rapaport-luebering pathway
prevents loss of rbc membrane
deformability
prevent colloid hemolysis
permeability
cell aging
senescence
extravascular hemolysis occurs in which organ?
spleen
erythrocyte death as a nonnucleated cell version of apoptosis
eryptosis
when the iron is removed from the heme, it can be stored in the macrophage as __________until transported out
ferritin
carry oxygen and c02
hemoglobin
carries Fe to developing RBCs
transferrin
produced on specific ribosomes in the cytoplasm of RBCs
globin
molecular strucure of gower 1
2 zeta, 2 epsilon
molecular strucure of gower 2
2 alpha, 2 epilson
molecular strucure of portland
2 zeta, 2 gamma
molecular strucure of fetal (HbF)
2 alpha, 2 gamma
molecular strucure of HbA-1
2 alpha, 2 beta
molecular strucure of HbA-2
2 alpha, 2 delta
stage of life of gower 1, gower 2 and portland
embryonic
stage of life of fetal (HbF), HbA-1 and HbA-2
newborn & adult
range of HbA-1 in adults
92%-95%
range of HbA-2 in adults
2%-3%
range of HbF in adults
1%-2%
1g Hb is equals to
1.34 mL of oxygen
the affinity of Hb for oxygen depends on _______________
partial pressure of oxygen
the amount of oxygen needed to saturate 50% of hemoglobin is called
P50 value
P50 value ranges normally around ________
27 mmHg
factors causing the odc to shift to the right
increase co2, acidity, dpg, temperature
shifts to curve to the left or right occur if there are changes in the pH of blood
bohr effect
alkalosis, methemoglobenomia, increased carboxyhemoglobin
shift to the left
high fever, acidosis, conditions that produces hypoxia
shift to the right