LEUKEMIAS

Question 1

Front

Answer 1

Back

Question 2

What is the origin of cells in AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia)?

Answer 2

Myeloid lineage (e.g., granulocytes, monocytes).

Question 3

What is the origin of cells in ALL (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia)?

Answer 3

Lymphoid lineage (immature lymphocytes).

Question 4

What is the origin of cells in CML (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia)?

Answer 4

Myeloid lineage (e.g., granulocytes).

Question 5

What is the origin of cells in CLL (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia)?

Answer 5

Lymphoid lineage (mature B-cells).

Question 6

What age group is most affected by AML?

Answer 6

Primarily adults, median age ~65 years.

Question 7

What age group is most affected by ALL?

Answer 7

Primarily children; it is the most common pediatric leukemia.

Question 8

What age group is most affected by CML?

Answer 8

Adults, typically between ages 40–60.

Question 9

What age group is most affected by CLL?

Answer 9

Older adults, median age ~70 years.

Question 10

How does AML progress?

Answer 10

Rapid and aggressive; requires urgent treatment.

Question 11

How does ALL progress?

Answer 11

Rapid and aggressive; requires urgent treatment.

Question 12

How does CML progress?

Answer 12

Slow progression; can remain stable for years in the chronic phase.

Question 13

How does CLL progress?

Answer 13

Slow progression; often asymptomatic and indolent.

Question 14

What are the clinical features of AML?

Answer 14

Fatigue, anemia, infections, easy bruising/bleeding, bone pain.

Question 15

What are the clinical features of ALL?

Answer 15

Fatigue, fever, infections, bruising, lymphadenopathy.

Question 16

What are the clinical features of CML?

Answer 16

Splenomegaly, fatigue, night sweats, weight loss.

Question 17

What are the clinical features of CLL?

Answer 17

Fatigue, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly; often an incidental finding.

Question 18

What are the blood smear findings in AML?

Answer 18

Presence of myeloblasts with Auer rods.

Question 19

What are the blood smear findings in ALL?

Answer 19

Lymphoblasts (immature lymphoid cells).

Question 20

What are the blood smear findings in CML?

Answer 20

Increased mature granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils).

Question 21

What are the blood smear findings in CLL?

Answer 21

Small, mature-looking lymphocytes; smudge cells may be present.

Question 22

What are the genetic abnormalities in AML?

Answer 22

Various, including FLT3, NPM1, and CEBPA mutations.

Question 23

What are the genetic abnormalities in ALL?

Answer 23

Various, including Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+) in some cases.

Question 24

What are the genetic abnormalities in CML?

Answer 24

Philadelphia chromosome (BCR-ABL1 translocation).

Question 25

What are the genetic abnormalities in CLL?

Answer 25

Deletions of 13q, 11q, or 17p; trisomy 12.

Question 26

What diagnosis markers are found in AML?

Answer 26

CD13+, CD33+, CD34+ (myeloid markers).

Question 27

What diagnosis markers are found in ALL?

Answer 27

CD10+, CD19+, CD34+, TdT+ (lymphoid markers).

Question 28

What diagnosis markers are found in CML?

Answer 28

Philadelphia chromosome, BCR-ABL1 fusion gene.

Question 29

What diagnosis markers are found in CLL?

Answer 29

CD5+, CD19+, CD23+ (B-cell markers).

Question 30

What are the treatments for AML?

Answer 30

Chemotherapy, stem cell transplant, targeted therapies (e.g., FLT3 inhibitors).

Question 31

What are the treatments for ALL?

Answer 31

Chemotherapy, CAR T-cell therapy, targeted therapy (e.g., tyrosine kinase inhibitors for Ph+ ALL).

Question 32

What are the treatments for CML?

Answer 32

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., imatinib), stem cell transplant.

Question 33

What are the treatments for CLL?

Answer 33

Targeted therapy (e.g., BTK inhibitors), chemo-immunotherapy, stem cell transplant in advanced cases.