HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

Question 1

Front

Answer 1

Back

Question 2

What is the most common type of Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL)?

Answer 2

Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL), accounting for 95% of HL cases.

Question 3

What are the histological features of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL)?

Answer 3

Presence of Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells in an inflammatory background.

Question 4

What is the immunophenotype of cHL?

Answer 4

CD30+, CD15+, CD45-, PAX5 weakly+.

Question 5

What age groups are commonly affected by cHL?

Answer 5

Adolescents, young adults, and the elderly.

Question 6

What is the most common subtype of cHL?

Answer 6

Nodular Sclerosis Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (NS cHL).

Question 7

What are the histological features of Nodular Sclerosis cHL?

Answer 7

Nodular growth with fibrous bands and lacunar variants of RS cells.

Question 8

What is the common age group for Nodular Sclerosis cHL?

Answer 8

Adolescents and young adults.

Question 9

What is the Mixed Cellularity subtype of cHL associated with?

Answer 9

HIV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection.

Question 10

What are the histological features of Mixed Cellularity cHL?

Answer 10

Mixed inflammatory infiltrate with RS cells.

Question 11

What is the immunophenotype of Mixed Cellularity cHL?

Answer 11

CD30+, CD15+, often EBV+.

Question 12

What age groups are affected by Mixed Cellularity cHL?

Answer 12

Children and older adults.

Question 13

What is unique about Lymphocyte-Rich cHL?

Answer 13

It is a rare subtype with a better prognosis.

Question 14

What are the histological features of Lymphocyte-Rich cHL?

Answer 14

Nodular or diffuse growth with abundant lymphocytes and few RS cells.

Question 15

What is the immunophenotype of Lymphocyte-Rich cHL?

Answer 15

CD30+, CD15-, CD45+ (sometimes).

Question 16

What is the common age group for Lymphocyte-Rich cHL?

Answer 16

Adults.

Question 17

What is the Lymphocyte-Depleted subtype of cHL associated with?

Answer 17

Aggressive disease, advanced stage, and often HIV-positive individuals.

Question 18

What are the histological features of Lymphocyte-Depleted cHL?

Answer 18

Numerous RS cells with few reactive lymphocytes.

Question 19

What is the immunophenotype of Lymphocyte-Depleted cHL?

Answer 19

CD30+, CD15+, often EBV+.

Question 20

What is Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma (NLPHL)?

Answer 20

A distinct subtype with a different immunophenotype and clinical course.

Question 21

What are the histological features of NLPHL?

Answer 21

‘Popcorn’ or LP (lymphocyte-predominant) cells.

Question 22

What is the immunophenotype of NLPHL?

Answer 22

CD20+, CD45+, CD15-, CD30-.

Question 23

What is the common age group for NLPHL?

Answer 23

Young adults, with males more commonly affected.

Question 24

What are the genetic abnormalities in Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Answer 24

Mutations and amplifications in NF-kB pathway genes (REL, NFKBIA) and immune checkpoint genes (PD-L1, PD-L2).

Question 25

What translocations are seen in Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Answer 25

Rare; may include gains/amplifications like 2p15–p16.1 involving REL and BCL11A.

Question 26

What genes are commonly involved in HL?

Answer 26

REL, NFKBIA, TNFAIP3 (A20), CIITA, PD-L1 (CD274), PD-L2 (PDCD1LG2), BCL11A.

Question 27

What are the consequences of genetic abnormalities in HL?

Answer 27

Dysregulated NF-kB pathway promoting cell survival, immune evasion via PD-L1/PD-L2 overexpression, and downregulation of MHC-II expression.