Leukemia

Question 1

Define Hematopoesis

Answer 1

The production of blood cells and platelets, which occurs in the bone marrow.

Question 2

Can any cell in the formation of blood cells and platelets become malignant?

Answer 2

Yes!

Question 3

Define leukemia.

Answer 3

Proliferation of malignant leukocytes present in circulation.

Question 4

What can these malignant leukocytes infiltrate?

Answer 4

Tissues.

Question 5

Leukemias are classified as..
Acute _______ or ___________
Chronic ___________ or _________

Answer 5

Acute lymphocytic or Myelogenous

Chronic lymphocytic or Myelogenous

Question 6

What would a lymphocytic leukemia involve?

Answer 6

Lymphocytes

Question 7

What would a myelogenous leukemia involve?

Answer 7

Monoctyes and Granularcytes

Question 8

Acute Leukemias are known to be aggressive and….

Answer 8

immature (blast) cells

aka primitive cells

Question 9

Chronic Leukemias are known to be less aggressive and….

Answer 9

Mature cells.

Question 10

What is the Etiology of Leukemia?

Answer 10

• Cells that regulate division are mutated

- Idiopathic (not sure what causes it/what gene it is)

Question 11

What are the risks of that can lead to Leukemia? (3)

Answer 11

1. Genetic Predisposition
2. High levels of radiation
3. Immunodeficiency (T-Cell leukemia virus)

Question 12

What would be an example of high levels of radiation that could lead to leukemia?

Answer 12

Weekly X-rays

Question 13

How can non malignant blood cells be affected?

Answer 13

Bone marrow = restricted space… Therefore less space for non malignant cells.
The malignant cells use resources, therefore problem making non malignant cells (ex. RBS or WBC)

Question 14

Since the non malignant blood cells are affected, what does this cause?

Answer 14

• Impaired IR

- Decreased 02 supply (d/t less RBCS)

Question 15

What are the 6 manifestations of leukemia?

Answer 15

1. Anemia
2. Thrombocytopenia
3. Leukopenia
4. Bleed gums, fever, generalized pain.
5. Fatigue, weakness, bruising
6. Recurrent infection (WHY!)

Question 16

What does thrombocytopenia present as? What problem would this cause?

Answer 16

Decreased platelets. Problem with blood clotting.

Question 17

What does leukopenia present as? What problem would this cause?

Answer 17

Decreased leukocytes. Problem with Immune response.

Question 18

The fever caused by leukemia.. explain it.

Answer 18

woooops not sure yet

Question 19

6 Treatment options for Leukemia are?

Answer 19

1. Radiation (free radicals cause necrosis of CA cell)
2. Chemotherapy (drugs target cell division and slow groth)
3. Blood Transfusion
4. Antimicrobials (think about the decrease IR d/t leukemia…)
5. Colony stimulating factors (CS)
6. Marrow Transplant?

Question 20

What are the 3 phases involved in chemotherapy treatment of leukemia all related to?

Answer 20

Remission.

Question 21

What are the 3 phases of chemotherapy treatment for leukemia?

Answer 21

1. Induction
2. Intensification
3. Maintenance

Question 22

What does “Induction include?”

Answer 22

Prescribed dose, looking to see when remission occurs.

Question 23

What does “Intensification” include?

Answer 23

One remission = reached, Increase the dose to intensify it.

Question 24

What does “Maintenance” include?

Answer 24

Decreased dose to maintain remission for up to 2 years

Question 25

What does CS factor lead to?

Answer 25

Colony formation, blood boosters, enhance proliferation of normal cells

Question 26

What is caused by a marrow transplant?

Answer 26

It contains stem cells, therefore it should give rise to normal cells.

Question 27

Are non malignant cells affected by leukeima? What does this cause to occur?

Answer 27

yes, WBC, Platelets, causes problems with infection and blood clotting