LEUKEMIA Flashcards
a type of cancer with uncontrolled production of
immature WBCs (usually blast cells) in the bone marrow.
LEUKEMIA
LEUKEMIA CAN CLASSIFIE EITHER ___ OR _____
ACUTE OR CHRONIC
the onset of symptoms is abrupt, often
occurring within a few weeks
ACUTE LEUKEMIA
WBC development is halted at
the WHAT PHASE
BLAST PHASE
symptoms evolve over a period of months
to years, and the majority of WBCs produced are mature.
CHRONIC LEUKEMIA
WHAT CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA THAT progresses more slowly
CHRONIC LEUKEMIA
FIGHTS INFECTION
WBC (LEUKOCYTE)
Essential in preventing or limiting bacterial infection via phagocytosis; average life span is 2-4hrs
NEUTROPHIL
Enters tissue as macrophages; highly phargocytic, especially against fungus ; immune surveillance
MONOCYTE
Involved in allergic reactions (neutrlizes histamine); digest foreign proteins
EOSINOPHIL
Contains histamine; integral part of hypersensitivity reactions
BASOPHIL
Integral component of immune system
LYMPHOCYTE
Responsible for cell mediated immunity; recognizes material as ‘’ foreign’’ (surveillance system)
T lymphocyte
Responsible for humoral immunity; many mature into plasma cells to form antibodies
B lymphocyte
Secretes immunoglobulin ( ig, antibody); most mature form of B lymphocyte
Plasma cells
Carries hemoglobin to provide oxygen to tissues; average life span is 120 days
RBC (Erythrocyte)
Fragments of megakaryocyte, not really a cell; provides basis for coagulation t occur; maintains hemostasis; average life span is 10 days
Platelet (Thrombocyte)
Can damage from radiation exposure
Bone marrow
Chemicals such as ___ & ___ Agents can cause leukemia
Benzene & Alkylating
the most common type in
children and young adults.
➢Accounts for 75% of leukemias.
➢involves lymphoblasts or immature lymphocytes
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
– is characterized by a
proliferation of small, abnormal B-lymphocytes, often leading to
decreased synthesis of immunoglobulins and decreased antibody response
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
results from a defect in the
hematopoietic stem cell that differentiates into all myeloid cells:
monocytes, granulocytes (neutrophils,
basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, and platelets)
> It can occur at any age but occurs most
often at adolescent and after age 55.
> accounts for most acute leukemia in adults
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
What are the myeloid cells:
monocytes, granulocytes neutrophils,
basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, and platelets.
is characterized by
abnormal proliferation of all bone marrow elements.
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
is usually associated with chromosome abnormality called the
Philadelphia chromosome
What diagnostic examination is that to
identify the type of WBC involved and
to confirm the diagnosis of Leukemia
(25% blast cells)
Bone marrow aspiration biopsy
Use for bone marrow cells from a donor (often from a sibling with closely matched tissue antigens)
ALLOGENIC BMT
Uses the clients own bone marrow to restore bone marrow function after chemotherapy and radiation therapy
AUTOLOGOUS BMT
alternative to bone marrow transplant, results
in complete and sustained replacement of the recipient’s blood cell
lines (WBC’s, RBC’s and platelets) with cell derives from the donor
stem cells.
STEM CELL TRANSPLANT
Treatment to stimulate or restore the ability of the
immune (defense) system to fight infection and disease.
IMMUNOTHERAPY
