Leukemia Flashcards
What is acute leukemia?
1-Immature cells rapidly take over bone marrow
2-leads to suppression of normal blood cell production
3-⬇️RBC =anemia
4-⬇️platelets= bleeding
5-⬇️immune function=⬆️infection
What are the 2 types of acute leukemia
Acute lymphoblastic anemia
Acute myeloid leukemia
What is acute lymphoblastic leukemia?
1) Cancer of blood/ bone marrow
2) Proliferation of immature lymphoid cells
3) most common in kids
4)adults have poor prognosis
What is acute myeloid leukemia?
1) mainly in older people
2) rapid growth of myeloid cells
3) presents as joint pain/often misdiagnosed
Signs and symptoms of acute leukemia
1) Fatigue and pallor (r/t anemia)
2) Fever/Frequent infection (r/t leukopenia)
3) Wt loss
4) Night sweats
5 Bruising/Nose bleeds/bleeding gums(r/t thrombocytopenia)
What is chronic leukemia?
Mature cells that don’t function properly
Slow progression
What are the two types of chronic leukemia?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
1) Older adults
2) Accumulation of mature but non functional lymphocytes
3) Develops from B cells
Signs/symptoms of CLL
Asymptomatic in early stages
Swollen lymph nodes
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Presence of the Philadelphia chromosome
Signs/symptoms of CML
1) Fatigue
2) Night sweats
3)Slenomegaly
Purpose of bone marrow biopsy in leukemia testing
Confirms presence if leukemic cells
>20% blast in acute phase
Chronic has higher # of normal mature cells
What would a peripheral blood smear show in leukemia
Presence of immature (acute) or abnormal (chronic) blood cells
CBC for all leukemias
⬆️ or ⬇️ WBC (type depending)
⬇️ RBC
⬇️Platelets
How are DNA repair genes significant in cancer growth
Mutation here leads to genome instability
BRCA 1 and BRCA 2
