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General Physio/ANS > Leucocytes > Flashcards

Leucocytes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the categories of leukocytes?

A

Granulocytes - NEB

Agranulocytosis - Monocytes and Lymphocytes

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2
Q

Granulocytes

A

They contain specialized membrane-bound cytoplasmic granules

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3
Q

Average number of leukocytes

A

4,000 - 11,000 per microlitre

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4
Q

Function of Leukocytes

A

Defense against diseases

Leukocytes form a mobile army that helps protect the body from damage by bacteria, viruses, parasites, toxins and tumor cells

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5
Q

Lifespan of leucocytes

A

It varies from one type to the other
- Several hours to several days for the majority
- Many years for a few memory cells

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6
Q

How do leucocytes work?

A

By phagocytosis and formation of antibodies and sensitized lymphocytes that destroy or inactivate the invader

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7
Q

Neutrophils

A

40%-70% WBCs

  • Nucleus multilobed
  • Duration of development: 6-9 days
  • Life Span: 6 hours to a few days
  • Function: Phagocytize bacteria
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8
Q

Eosinophils

A
  • 1%-4% WBCs
  • Nucleus bilobed
  • Development:6-9 days
  • Life Span: 8-12 days
    Function:
    1) Kill parasitic worms
    2) destroy antigen-antibody complexes
    3) inactivate some inflammatory chemical of allergy
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9
Q

Basophils

A
  • 0.5% WBCs
  • Nucleus lobed
  • Development: 3-7 days
  • Life Span: a few hours to a few days
  • Function:
    1) Release histamine and other mediators of inflammation
    2) contain heparin, an
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10
Q

Monocytes

A
  • 4%-8% WBCs
  • Nucleus U-shaped
  • Development: 2-3 days
  • Life Span: months

Function:
Phagocytosis
Develops into macrophages in tissues

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11
Q

Types of lymphocytes

A

T cells
B cells
NK cells

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12
Q

Lymphocytes

A

20%-45% WBCs
Nucleus spherical or indented
- Development: days to weeks
- Life Span: hours to years
Function
Mount immune response by direct cell attack (T cells) or via antibodies (B cells)

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13
Q

Which lymphocytes are responsible for adaptive immunity?

A

T and B cells

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14
Q

Which lymphocytes protect the host from tumors and virus infected cells?

A

NK cells

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15
Q

How do NK cells work?

A

By releasing cytotoxin granules to lyse cell membranes and kill abnormal cells

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16
Q

Which lymphocytes are responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

A

T cells

17
Q

Which lymphocytes are responsible for humoural immunity?

A

B cells

18
Q

Types of T cells

A

Cytotoxic killer T cells
Helper T cells
Memory T cells
Suppressor T cells

19
Q

Types of B cells

A 
IgA
IgE
IgD
IgG
IgM
20
Q

Which lymphocytes are responsible for phagocytosis of bacteria?

A

Neutrophils

21
Q

Which lymphocytes are responsible for killing parasitic worms?

A

Eosinophils

22
Q

Which lymphocytes are responsible for releasing mediators of inflammation?

A

Basophils

23
Q

Which lymphocytes are responsible for destroying antigen-antibody complexes?

A

Eosinophils

24
Q

Which lymphocytes contain an anticoagulant? And which anticoagulant?

A

Basophils, Heparin

25
Q

Which lymphocytes are responsible for inactivating some inflammatory chemicals of allergy?

A

Eosinophils

26
Q

Leukocytes are deployed in the infected areas outside blood vessels via 3 steps:

A

Margination
Diapedesis
Chemotaxis

27
Q

Margination

A

Cells slow down because of cell adhesion molecules secreted by endothelial cells

28
Q

Diapedesis

A

Here, leukocytes slip out of the capillary blood vessels.

29
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Here, leucocytes gather in large numbers at areas of tissue damage and infection by following the chemical trail of molecules released by damaged cells or other leukocytes

30
Q

Leukocyte disorders

A

Leucopenia
Leucocytosis
Leukemia

31
Q

Leucopenia

A

Less than 4000 leucocytes per microlitre present in blood. It is a major side effect of chemo

32
Q

Leucocytosis

A

More than 11,000 leucocytes per microlitre present in blood

33
Q

Leukemia

A

WBCs become cancerous since descendants of stem cell remain unspecialized , become motor ic and impair bone marrow function.

34
Q

Which leucocyte disorder is usually a side effect of chemo?

A

Leucopenia

General Physio/ANS (8 decks)

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