Leture 4. Evolution 2

Question 1

What are the names of the two scientists who work in Daphne Major and when did they work?

Answer 1

Rosemary and Peter Grant, 1976-1978

Question 2

What is the name of the ground finch that shows variation in beak depth

Answer 2

Geospiza fortis

Question 3

What event lead to the mean beak depth increasing in the ground finches

Answer 3

1977 drought

Question 4

What does the change in beak depth show?

Answer 4

Natural selection can drive evolution

Question 5

Why are the frogs near Chernobyl darker?

Answer 5

Melanin protects against ionising radiation

Question 6

Evolution

Answer 6

Change in the inherited traits of a population through successive generations: the genetic content of a population changes over time

Question 7

Mutations

Answer 7

The raw materials of evolution via natural selection

Question 8

Most mutations effect on ‘fitness’

Answer 8

Have little to no effect so cannot be acted upon by natural selection

Question 9

Allele Fixation

Answer 9

Natural selection will ‘fix’ favourable alleles in a population

Question 10

How can mutation frequencies still change in a population in the absence of natural selection?

Answer 10

Genetic drift

Question 11

How can genetic drift be modelled?

Answer 11

Modelled by sampling error

Question 12

Genetic Drift

Answer 12

Not every sperm or egg makes it into the next generation

Question 13

What is the LTEE and who started it?

Answer 13

The Long Term Evolution Experiment, Richard Lenski

Question 14

What can’t E. Coli grow on?

Answer 14

Citrate in aerobic conditions

Question 15

Which flask evolved the biliary to use citrate in aerobic conditions

Answer 15

Ara-3

Question 16

Why can E. Coli grow on citrate in anaerobic conditions

Answer 16

Citrate transporter expressed and so citrate can be taken up from growth medium

Question 17

How was the Cit+ mutation lost?

Answer 17

Genetic drift

Question 18

Gene flow

Answer 18

The movement of alleles between previously separate populations

Question 19

What could cause gene flow?

Answer 19

Migration of adults and subsequent mating
Movement of gametes (eg pollen) and subsequent fertilisation

Question 20

Deme

Answer 20

Sub-population

Question 21

Species

Answer 21

A population of organisms that can potentially or actually interbreed, giving viable fertile offspring

Question 22

Bird-biting mosquito

Answer 22

Culex pipiens pipiens

Question 23

Mammal-biting mosquito

Answer 23

Culex molestus

Question 24

Immigrant male bird from Isla Española

Answer 24

Geospiza conirostris

Question 25

What did the immigrant bird breed with?

Answer 25

Geospiza fortis

Question 26

What does a double line on a pedigree chart?

Answer 26

Consanguinity

Question 27

Consanguinity

Answer 27

Descended from the same ancestor