Lecture 5. The Human Genome Project Flashcards
Who produced the first complete genome sequence of an organism and when?
J. Craig Venter, 1995
What was the first organism to have it’s genome sequenced?
Haemophilus influenza Rd.
When was the Human Genome Project proposed?
1986
When and what was the first archaea sequenced?
Methanococcus jannaschii, 1996
When and what was the first eukaryote sequenced?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), 1996
When was the draft human sequence suggested?
2001
When was the full complete human sequence reported?
14th April 2003
1,000 genomes project time period
2008-2015
100,000 genomes project time period
2012-2018
What’s special about April 14th 2003
50th anniversary of the description of the double helix
Goals of Human Genome Project
- Identify all of the genes in human DNA
- Determine the sequence of DNA base pairs that make up the human genome
- Store this information in databases
- Improve tools for data analysis
- Transfer related technologies to the private sector
- Addresses the ethical, legal, and social issues that may arise due to the project
How many protein coding genes do humans have?
~20,000 genes
How many genes do humans have?
~100,000
What percentage of the genome is protein coding?
1.5%
How big is the human haploid genome?
~3.2 x 10⁹ bp
When and who sequenced the Neanderthal genome?
Svante Pääbo, 2010
What 5 groups of modern humans were used to understand evolutionary history?
French, Han Chinese, Papuan, Yoruba, San
What did Crick’s Central Dogma state in 1958?
‘DNA makes RNA makes proteins’
Why did Mendel work with peas?
Produce large number of offspring
Have a relatively short generation time
Both self-fertilisation and cross-fertilisation possible
Pure breeding lines with contrasting features were available
Only simple tools needed
The Law of Segregation
Two coexisting alleles of an individual for each trait segregate (split) during gamete formation so that each gamete gets only one of the two alleles. Alleles segregate into gametes which fuse randomly, so there is a discrete inheritance of a trait rather than a blending.
When was the chromosome theory of inheritance suggested and who suggested it?
Walter Sutton, 1902
What organism was studied to help develop the chromosome theory of inheritance?
Grasshoppers (Brachystola magna)
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
Sex was determined via chromosome-based inheritance
When was sex-linked inheritance discovered and who discovered it?
T. H. Morgan, 1910
