Let's get drunk Flashcards
When we talk about alcohol what are we often talking about
ethanol
What is methanol present in
anti-freeze, solvents and some fuels
Is it legal to brew alcohol at home
yes
is it legal to distil spirits
no - because you get a lot of contaminants such as methanol
What is methanol metabolised to
formalderhyde an then formic acid
How do you treat methanol toxicity
Alcohol - competitive inhibition. Drinking ethanol means you don’t make any formic acid
Recommended unit per week
14
Who should abstain from alcohol
pregnant women
How do we absorb alcohol
water soluble compound
Does food slow down absorption alcohol
yes
Why does having a full stomach mean you get less drunk
The longer alcohol is in the stomach the more it is metabolised prior to emptying the small bowel. Therefore food slows gastric emptying
The higher the concentration of alcohol the slower it gets absorbed. True of false
True
Which type of spirits are absorbed faster
Aerated drinks
What is the quickest absorption of alcohol concentration
20-30%
Why do women cope with alcohol less well
they have a lower level of alcohol dehydrogenase
also they have a higher subset fat percentage. Therefore men dilute alcohol more ( as it is water soluble)
Where does 90% of the metabolism occur
90%
At what rate roughly is alcohol removed from the blood
around 1 unit an hour
When is the peak alcohol concentration after consumption
60minutes
Why can some ethnic groups just not cope with alcohol
They have constitutionally low levels of alcohol dehydrogenase
Why do people get flushing and feel sick when they drink
Defficient or ineffective variant of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Acetlyalderhyde is unpleasant and toxic. This group of people have low levels of alcoholisms as it is simply not pleasant
Is it possible to increase your alcohol tolerance
Possible to up regulate alcohol dehydrogenase. Induction of CP450
In heavy drinking what happens
Analogues and alternative pathways activated
What are the consequences of heavy drinking
Production of hydrogen ions (REDOX) which must be…
UNFINISHED
Why do you feel worse if you dance
Switch on anaerobic pathway- produce lactic acid
why do you get the munchies
Hepatic gluconeogenesis
What happens to fatty acids when you drink
Oxidation is impaired
Alcoholic ketoacidosis
Excess NADH, impaired fatty acid metabolism (increased substrate available), fasting state { this is in contrast to diabetic ketoacidosis where there are low of normal glucose with high ketones}
Who is alcoholic ketoacidosis usually associated with
malnourished state
How do you get drunk
CNS depressant- basically increases levels of GABBA
What is the affect on the cerebellum
Loss of muscular coordination and slurred speech
What are the various levels
<100 - excitement, and fun
100-200 - slurring, falls, emotional
>200- stupor, difficult to rouse
Dangerous if brain stem is inhibited-decrease consciousness and breathing
How does ADH affect the kidney
Within the distal tubule it promotes water reabsorption and therefore concentrates urine
how does alcohol effect your heart beat
Negative inotrope
What is Holiday heart syndrome most commonly
Supraventricular tachycardia
Why do you get a headache
Congeners, serotonin. Banna and pineapple make It worse, water makes it better
What is a cure for hangover
Anything that inhibits prostaglandins
Drunk person turns up to A and E- what do you need to rule out
Head trauma Haemetemesis Pancreatitis- grey turners and cullers sign cardio resp
