Let 15-18

Question 1

Overall aspects of autism

Answer 1

• Exucative function def (lack of comprehension)
• Sensory processing diff
• Repatative behaviours
• motor skills difficulties (more sedentary)
• preservative thinking
• Lack of social awareness
• Verbal + non verbal probs
• Information processing diff

Question 2

Lvl1 autism

Answer 2

(lowest)

• requiring support
• diff initiating social interaction
• inflexability of behaviour
• dif switching activities
• probs w organization

Question 3

Lvl2 autism

Answer 3

requiring substantial support
marked social deficits w social interactions
inflexibility of behaviour
difficulty or distress coping w change
repetitive bahviours

Question 4

Lvl3 autism

Answer 4

requiring very substantial support
severe deficits w social interactions
inflexibility of behaviour
extremem difficult or distress w change
repetitive behaviours interfere w functioning

Question 5

Autism spectrum is characterized by qualitative impairments in:

Answer 5

• social communication
• socail interaction
• socail imagination
• restricted range of interests
• stereotyped repetitive beahviours and mannerisms

Question 6

organic aetiologies of autism

Answer 6

Prenatal insults- rubella inf, unix metabolic disorders such as phenylketonuria, anticonvulsants during preg

Localised lesions- TB, postnatal inf (encephalitis)

medical cause (in 6-10%)- epilepsy, genetics

Question 7

Brain regions that could be indicated in autism

Answer 7

Amygdala
basal ganglia
cerebellum
medial prefrontal cortex (integrates info from various cortical structures)

Question 8

Where are mirror neurons located and how do they impact autism

Answer 8

found in inf frontal gyrus and inf parietal lobule

FMRI- shows dec activity in inf frontal gyrus in autism

Question 9

Why are mirror neurons sig

Answer 9

Important for understanding the actions of others
sig for learning new skills by imitation
a basic social brain system

Question 10

What is theory of mind and when does it start

Answer 10

normally attained at 3-4y of age

• understanding desires of others
• understanding the emotional state of others
• having ability to figure out intentions
• what u are thinking can be converted to others

Question 11

Why is there an increase in prevelence of autism

Answer 11

changing the conceptualism to a spectrum
diagnostic methods
inclusion of other disorders (ADHD, tourette’s, tb)
public education

Question 12

3 alerting signals for autistic spectrum disorder

Answer 12

1. communication impairment @2-3years

2 Social impairments @ 2-3years

3. Impairments of interests, activities and other behvaiours @ 2-3

Question 13

What is identification of regression in autistic children

Answer 13

25-30% of autistic children bw 15-21 will have obvious stasis and sometimes clear regression of development occurs
(loss of words, social withdrawal, change in sleep, eating)

Question 14

Adult impairments in autism

Answer 14

• small number achieve some independence/have friends etc
• nealry 70% have fair to good language
• many dependent on fam
• increased rates of depression/anxiety

Question 15

common ddx of autism

Answer 15

language disorder

other dev disorder (reactive attachment disorder, early onset epilepsy, neurodegenerative disorder)

Question 16

What is asperger syndrome

Answer 16

no apparent cognitive impairment
no apparent receptive or expressive language impairment
-restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviours

1. Impaired nonverbal saviour
2. Impaured social communication

Question 17

What is childhood disintegrative disorder (hellers syndrome) and criteria

Answer 17

-normal dev in 1st 2 years

Sig loss of skills in at least 2 areas:

1. Expressive/receptive language
2. Social skills or adaptive behaviour
3. Bowel or bladder control
4. Play+motor skills

abnormal functioning in at least 2 of the following areas

1. Qualitative impairments in social interaction and comm
2. restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviour, interests and activities

Question 18

What is rett syndrome

Answer 18

genetic cause
-muations in the X linked transcriptional regulator MECp2

-with infant growth these is a regression of skills including volitional hand use and spoken language

Question 19

What is pervasive developmental disorder

Answer 19

atypical autism (criteria not met for another ASD)

• impairents of social interactions
• impairments in verbal/non verbal
• stereotyped behaviours interests or activities

Question 20

What is the gold standard for early intervention in autism

Answer 20

Applied behavioural analysis

Question 21

What is the process of applied behavioural analysis

Answer 21

Antecedent- question/command is given (clue is given and create an opportunity for new behaviour)

Behaviour- correct response= immediate reward

consequence- incorrect responses=ignored or just corrected

Question 22

Families with children w ASD are more likely to try complementary and alternative tx like

Answer 22

melatonin
massage therapy
horseback riding

Question 23

what are some non recommended therapies for ASD

Answer 23

• Vit B6
• Auditory integration traing
• Facilitated communication
• gluten or casein free diets
• hyperbaric oxygen
• secretin

Question 24

What is visceral osteopathic technique

Answer 24

manual therapy applied to the abdomen

-may be beneficial to children w autism and GI disturbance

Question 25

What are the 5 prognostic concepts of ASD

Answer 25

1. proportional to functioning (do better w daily support, family programs, funding)
2. affected by manageability (self control, focus)
3. affected by personal development (self control, focus)
4. affected by cognition (greater activity lvl, manageable behaviours, self help skills etc)
5. Affected by comorbid disorders

Question 26

What is the goal of craniosacral therapy (LMAO)

Answer 26

Application of light manual therapy techniques

• restrictions in the craniosacral system can be released
• improve the functioning of the CNS

Question 27

What is the optimal rate of cranial rhythmic impulse

Answer 27

8-12 cycles per min