Lecture 7-10 Flashcards
why are babies at risk of inf
will start to lose maternal antibodies
Red flags for inf in child
high fever excessive cough difficulty breathing ongoing earache excessive sleepiness infants unable to stop crying
what is a toxic child and major symptoms
looks like they are developing a illness or in worst case shock
- pale/gray/cyanotic
- widthdrawl and lethargy
- tachypenia/tachycardia
- poor circulation
what are the ABCs of safe sleep for baby
Alone- not with other ppl, pillows, blankets, stuffed animals
Back- not on stomach or side
Crib- not in adult bed, sofa etc
night awakenings do and donts
advised to- check baby, keep visit brief, avoid swimming baby and leave the room quick if you feel everything is ok
Advised not to- feed an extra bottles, sleep w em, rock back to sleep
18 m child tips
- keeps rules to minimum
- avoid open question (do you want me to check your back)
- encourage making choices (sit here or there)
- praise good behaviour/accomplishements
overall development at 18m
walks fast/up stairs can kick identifies some body parts shows affection feeds themselves
ABCs of safety for younger children
no such thing as child proof caps
- use rear facing infant car seat
- avoid baby walkers
- check carbon monoxide detection
What are the 4 stages of car seats
- rear facing seats
2, forward facing seats
- booster sea (min 40lbs)
- Seat belts (when tall enough)
When should toilet training occir
at 18m usually (to 24)
- reflex sphincter controls have matured
- myelination of extrapyramidal tracts have been developing
what is colic
outdated term to describe excessive crying
wjhat is the purpose of execive crying
to promote contact w mother
to supply nutritional needs
to communicate hunger/pain
to release current tension
what is considered pathological crying (4)
- high pitched sound, no dinural pattern, regular arching of back
- late onset of crying (especially after a switch to infant formula)
- crying beyond 4 m
- s/s other then crying associated w neuro signs
red flags of crying
seizure disorders
sudden onset of irritability
parental post natal depression
sign of abusive head trauma
if crying is acute onset what could it mean
raised intracranial pressure injury incarnated inguinal hernia UTI hair tourniquet corneal foreign body/abrasion
excessive crying over 3 months of age may be a flag for what
eating disorder
sleeping disorder
children w multiple regulatory probs
reported risk factors for excessive crying
smoking during preg
cow milk allergy
common non pathological causes of crying
excessive tiredness
hunger
what was the historical def of collic
crying >3hrs day, 3days/week, >3 weeks
what is the ddx for colic
- cow milk/soy pro allergy (suspect if feeding probs, diarrhoea, poor weight gain, wide spread eczema)
- lactose overlode/malabsorbtion
- GERD
What is postpartum depression and symptoms
a mood disorder associated w childbirth that can affect both sexes
s/s- extreme sadness, fatigue, anxiety, crying, irritability and changes in sleeping or eating patterns
things that increase collic epidemiology
- first sibling is usually more predisopised
- increased risk of colic from 15-48% w preg complications
frequency of colic
25-49% of all infants
why is colic important to adress
parents not coping well may respond w aggression (risk of harm/abuse)
what are some formula changes you can make for colic
casein hydrolysate milk- a hypoalergic milk
soya based infant feeds- proteins from soya beans
whey hydrolysate milk
what are some meds/natural ways to adress formula probs
- dicyclomine (used to tx irritable bowel syndrome)
- lactobacillus Reuteri (endogenos to human GI tract)
- Oral hypertonic glucose in sterile water
- nutrition/sup review
clinical features of irritable infant syndrome of MSK origin
unusual posture (arching extended posture)
hypertonia
limb hyperactivity
restless sleep and general unrest
what is crying usually triggered by in irritable infant syndrome of msk organ
crying may be high pitched at any time of day, often triggered by pos child out of pos of comfort
inefficient feeding crying infant w disordered sleep: common age, crying presentation, physical pres
1-6,
many episodes of crying, peaking during day
facial grimace accompany crying
cautions for cervical spine chiro care
do not traction/use rotary adjustments or adjust upper cervical legs <1 year of age
- dont traction or use end range stress
- do not pre stress the seg prior to SMT
what is mild, mod, severe degree of delay
mild- <33% below chronological age
mod- 34-66% of chronological age
severe- >66% of chronological age
what is isolated, multiple and global developmental delay
isolated- involving single domain
multiple- 2 or more domains or developmental lines affected
global- sig delay in most developmental domains
nine categories of developmental delay
gross motor delay fine motor delay gait stance developmental language disorders cerebral palsy visual sensory impairment hearing sensory impairment learning disability autism (pervasive developmental delay)
what is the mc type of cerebral palsy children have
spastic CP
when does normal gait start around
12-14m of age
mature seen by around 3 years
what happens around 4-5 w and 6-8 w in terms of visual system
4-5- babies start to focus on faces and objects
6-8w- starts smiling at familiar faces and things they seen
what % of children in US have developmental/behavioural disorders
22%
what is the def/criteria for intellectual disability
- low intellectual functioning (IQ <=70)
- concurrent deficits in many ADLs
- Onset <18
prenatal causes of intellectual disability
inherited metabolic defects non biological genetic deficits neurodermatoses chromosomal (downs, fragile x)
Perinatal cause sof intelectual disability
Prematurity
asphyxia, trauma, inf
bilirubin tox
post natal causes of intellectual disability
CNS inf
trauma
anoxia
metabolic (hypoglycemia, hyponatremia)
how do you calculate developmental quotient and intelligence quotient
Development quotient= developmental age/chronological age
Intelligence quotient= mental age/chronilogical age
what is arrested growth pattern
delayed structural development of lower limb, hip, alignment
What is global weakness and imbalance patterns
Underdeveloped, detraining or spastic
what is gravitational pattern
Postural syndromes, detraining or spastic
how does their posture and mvmt react to gravity
do they have a fear or risk of falling
what are sensory processing disorders and what do they lead to
comorbid features of neurological diseases (autism, attention deficit)
leads to development of ask systems (postural changes, motion limitations, activity changes etc)
what are 7 objects of dressing msk probs associated w sensory processing disorders
- balance + prioprioception
- flexability and agility activities
- stabalization of gait/ambation
- stabalization exercise
- complex activities (multitask)
- promote breathing awerness
- strenhth and stabilization
What is the approach to children w sensory motor integration/processing
- assess systems for disificlties
- multi professional care for interactive therapies
- social and emotional developmen t
approach to adress vestibular system
tummy time-> head control-> roll-> sit-> creep-> walk
How to approach visual system
eye coordination exercises
How to approach auditory system issues
sounds modulations with ear
sound recognition exercises
how to approach proprioception system issues
balance exercises
limb motion control exercises
whole body vibration
