Lessons 1-3 Flashcards
Describe the stages of counseling
Relationship Establishment
-AKA: Building rapport, gaining trust, or creating warmth.
Assessment
-An exploration of the problem
Developing a Plan of Action
-The plan specifies goals and means for reaching those goals.
Intervention and Implementation
-Interventions with a target goal are employed.
Compare and contrast:
Theoretical Integration
Technical Eclecticism
Theoretical Integration
>Seeks to build a conceptual framework from the best elements of two or more approaches.
>Seeks to create a new theory which opens up more possibilities for practice and research.
Technical Eclecticism
>The selection and application of interventions, based on data and experience.
>Eclecticism will use interventions borrowed from many different systems. Often those systems may otherwise be incompatible.
The 3 components of the Therapeutic/Working Alliance.
- Agreement between client and counsellor on the purpose of counselling.
- There must be agreement on means, the tasks to be complete to fulfill a purpose.
- There must be a warm bond between counsellor and client.
What are curative factors in group therapy? Name 10
Factors associated with group therapy which can cause positive outcomes.
- Instillation of hope
- Universality
- Altruism
- Development of socializing techniques
- Imitative Behaviour
- Interpersonal Learning
- Group Cohesiveness
- Imparting of Information
- Catharsis
- Existential Factors
Group Guidance vs Group Counselling
Group Guidance tends to: o Have a more directive counsellor o Highly Structured o Cognitive Group Counselling tends to: o Have a more facilitative counsellor o More unstructured o Affective
The Wellness program for elementary school children lists 3 basic steps for planning group therapy.
What are the 3 steps?
o 1. Identify and Organize Topics
o Using theory, research, needs assessment, past experience, consultation, or whatever might help, identify and sequentially organize the topics for a program.
o 2. Design and Structure Sessions
o Divide topics into sessions and design the structure of each session.
o 3. Incorporate Curative Factors
What is the Experience-Reflection design for a developmental group therapy experience?
Establish Support
• Establishment of clear purposes, expectations, boundaries, resources, and means to support efforts.
Provide Challenging Preparation
• The expansion of concepts and competencies.
Establish a Seminar-Practicum
• Students engage in real-life try-outs and participate in a group discussion to reflect on the experience, solve problems, refine skills, explore questions and the like.
Stimulate Transfer
• The final phase provides an opportunity to dwell on such issues regarding one’s own life and to begin acting upon what was learned.
State three characteristic themes of the counselling field
- Concern for normal people
- Concerned with problems of living. How one navigates life.
- Developmental orientation. The goal is to solve immediate problems and enhance one’s future as well.
State the significance of Parsons
He envisioned:
“A practice of vocational guidance based on rationality and reason with service, concern for others, cooperation, and social justice among its core values.”
Focused on individual growth and prevention
What was the significance of Williamson?
- Believed duty of counsellor is to ascertain a deficiency in the client and prescribe a rectifying procedure
- Development of traits and factors
- Directive Approach
- Goal is to improve the decision-making of the client
Year when counselling began being mentioned in professional literature?
1931
Year when counselling began being mentioned in professional literature?
1931
What were Parson’s 3 factors for choosing a vocation?
o Knowledge of work
o Knowledge of self
o Matching of the two through “true reasoning”
How did the Moral Therapy Movement in France influence Canadian Counselling
Migrated to Canada around 1850
Promoted a humane approach as the best way to treat psychological problems
Define Social Work
A profession concerned with helping individuals, families, groups and communities to enhance their individual and collective wellbeing. It aims to help people develop their skills and their ability to use their own resources and those of the community to resolve problems.
Define Social Work
A profession concerned with helping individuals, families, groups and communities to enhance their individual and collective wellbeing. It aims to help people develop their skills and their ability to use their own resources and those of the community to resolve problems.
What are the 3 levels of helping relationships?
Nonprofessional
-Friends & Colleagues
Paraprofessional
- Generalist human services workers
- Mental health technicians, child care workers, probation personnel, youth counsellors
Professional
-Social workers, psychiatrists, etc.
How does social work differ from the other helping specialties?
It has a mandate to negotiate social systems and advocate for change, to understand clients’ habitats and niches
What are the 4 attribution models?
Medical Model
- Clients not held responsible for cause or solution of problem
- Drawback: Client dependency
Moral Model
- Clients seen as responsible for cause and solution to problem. Counsellors as coaches or motivators.
- Drawback: Victims of circumstance may blame selves for problems
Compensatory Model
- Responsible for solving problems only. Counsellor as teacher.
- Drawback: Clients feel undue pressure to solve problems they didn’t create.
Enlightenment Model
- Responsible for cause but not solution.
- Drawback: Dependency on counsellor.
Why is the DSM controversial for counsellors?
It is atheoretical
Frames disorders as dispositional, not holistic
Only deals with individual diagnosis. Often severe diagnosis.
Why is the DSM helpful for counsellors to know? (3 points)
DSM system is universally used in other helping professions and forms basis for a common dialogue
DSM system helps counsellors recognize patterns of distress in clients who may need a referral
Learning DSM establishes a good level of professionalism for working with clients
Are the steps of the counselling process linear?
It can be viewed in many ways.
Sometimes every stage is ongoing.
Sometimes progress is a spiral, with each stage being revisited.
In what stages of counselling would you try to establish the components of a working alliance?
A working alliance depends on:
- Shared purpose
- Agreement on means
- A warm bond,
These can be addressed particularly during the following stages:
- Relationship Establishment
- Assessment
- Developing a Plan of Action
Define: Technical Eclecticism
The selection of techniques (interventions) is guided by data on what has worked best for other clients in the past with similar problems or similar characteristics.
Define: Theoretical Integration
To create a conceptual framework that synthesizes the best elements of two or more approaches to therapy
Define: Informal Theories
Ideas picked up through experience. They lack formal, explicit text.
Describe the benefits of informal theories
Although not backed by theory, demonstrate certain patterns that counsellors can work with.
Commonalities from expert counsellors suggests the existence of a common implicit theory.
Define: Theory
A model that counsellors use as a guide to hypothesize about the formation of possible solutions to a problem
5 requirements for a good theory:
- Clear, easily understood, communicable
- Comprehensive
- Explicit and Heuristic
- Specific in relating
means to desired outcome - Useful to its intended practitioners
Define: Style-Shift Counselling
As needs change, counsellors depart from a theory they are using to another approach.
