Lesson 9: Research, Program Development, Prevention, and Wellness

Question 1

List the major steps in developing a comprehensive guidance program

Answer 1

Develop a Written Proposal

Establish an Advisory Committee

Develop a Program Philosophy

Develop a Program Rationale

Develop a Needs Assessment Survey

Translate Needs into Program Objectives

Design Activities

Question 2

List 3 different types of program evaluation and what they measure.

Answer 2

formative evaluation: broad term referring to evaluation conducted for the purpose of improving a program; it may occur during program planning, implementation, or after implementation (e.g., pilot testing, feasibility studies, process evaluation activities, evaluation of unanticipated problems);

context evaluation: answers the question What is the nature of the organixational and community context in whihc the planned program will operate?

input evaluation: identifies human and material resources, barriers, and constraints present in the environment; it is used inplanning strategies and procedures;

process evaluation: monitors and documents program-related activities; sometimes referred to as implementation and feedback evaluation (for internal decision-making purposes);

impact evaluation: measures the short-term effects of a program (changes in knowldge, skills, attitudes, behaviours, policies, organizations, and environmental measures); sometimes referred to as summative evaluation;

outcome evaluation: investigates long-term and more global effects of a program (quality of life, changes in overall mortality or morbidity, unintended outcomes); sometimes called product evaluation.

Question 3

Describe the 2 major methods of Prevention

Answer 3

Strengthening the person is intended to making it less likely that the individual will be susceptible to experiencing psychological distress. A person is strengthened by increasing his/her skills, a sense of agency, healthy habits, and constructive attitudes, among other things.

Changing human systems is intended to increase environmental resources and supports, and to decrease stressors and other factors that increase the likelihood of psychological dysfunction.

Question 4

List and define the 3 levels of prevention

Answer 4

Primary prevention - preventive measures that forestall the onset of a condition during the prepathogenesis period;

Secondary prevention - preventive measures that lead to early detection and prompt treatment of a condition to limit disability, impairment, or dependency and prevent a more severe condition;

Tertiary prevention - preventive measures aimed at rehabilitation following significant pathogenesis.

Question 5

Summarize the Wheel of Wellness

Answer 5

The model draws from the research and theoretical perspectives in multiple disciplines: personality, social, clinical, health, and developmental psychology, stress management, behavioural medicine, psychoneuroimmunology, ecology, and contextualism.

5 Dimensions: 
Spirituality, 
self-direction, 
work and leisure, 
friendship, 
love