Lesson 7: Vocational Planning and Career Development Flashcards
List the 3 factors of career success according to the Trait-and-Factor Approach (Parsons, 1909)
What are some criticisms of this approach?
3 factors: -Self-Knowledge Aptitudes Abilities Interests Resources Limitations Etc. -Knowledge of the world of work -Match between those two groups of characteristics or facts
Criticisms:
- Being static, not developmental
- Suggesting a single type is suited to each job
- Over-reliance on objective assessment/testing
However, it introduced the idea of person-to-environment fit
Summarize Ann Roe’s “The Needs Approach” (1956)
Influenced by Maslow’s Hierarchy
Based on biographical research of several eminent scientists and artists
Ideas:
- Vocational directions are related to early personality development
- – Parent-Child relationship biggest influence on needs, interests, and attributes that are later reflected in vocational choice.
- 2 kinds of people:
- – Person-oriented
- —– Prefer occupations in areas of service, business contact, general culture, arts and entertainment
- – Non-person oriented
- —- Prefer occupations in areas of technology, outdoors, and science.
-Level of attainment is dependent on socioeconomic background
Define Career Maturity
Who introduced this term?
A person’s readiness or preparedness to implement self-concept and cope with environmental conditions across the stages of the life span.
Donald Super introduced this concept
Characterize John Holland’s Typology theory.
John Holland proposed six personality types which are congruent to specific work environments.
One would be happiest and perform best when their personality is congruent with their work.
Name all 6 of John Holland’s Typologies
The realistic type is drawn towards tools and animals. They prefer working on concrete tasks.
The investigative type is curious about abstract problems.
The artistic type is drawn towards creative work.
Social types can easily be summarized as helping professions.
Enterprising type is the business person. Characterized by their interest in persuasion, this type can fill a role as a politician, entrepreneur, or salesperson.
The conventional type enjoys working with records and numbers. These people are highly organized and would be drawn towards working within a system.
Name the (5) vocation theories which do not use stages.
Parson’s Trait-and-Factor
Ann Roe’s Needs Approach
Holland’s Typology Theory
Krumboltz’s Learning Theory of Career Counselling
Duane Brown’s Values-Based Holistic Model
Name the (5) vocation theories which use stages.
Ego Identity Development (David Tiedeman)
Eli Ginsberg and Associates
Robert Havighurst’s Model of Vocational Development
The Developmental Theory of Donald Super
Circumscription and Compromise (Linda Gottfredson)
True or False:
Donald Super’s Developmental Theory Features stages and tasks
True
Define: Circumscription as it relates to Gottfredson’s Theory
The narrowing of one’s territory when making a decision about social space or acceptable alternatives.
Define: Compromise as it relates to Gottfredson’s Theory
The adjusting of vocational aspirations to accommodate external reality
What are the criticisms of developmental theories for vocational choice?
uncritically adopting developmental concepts into vocational theories,
the scarcity of longitudinal research,
the failure to recognize new findings in developmental psychology.
List the 4 steps in the career guidance process.
- Self-Awareness
- Career Awareness and Exploration
- Deliberation and Decision
- Further Steps (Planning, Implementation, Follow-up)
Why might a career counsellor want to enhance the client’s awareness or self-esteem?
A damaging lived-theme (such as low-esteem) will affect decision making.
