Lesson B10 - Nicotine

Question 1

Nicotine is a ________________________ that is found in __________.

Answer 1

naturally-occurring, tobacco

Question 2

What are the 3 most psychoactive drugs used in society?

Answer 2

Nicotine, Caffeine, Alcohol

Question 3

True or false? Nicotine has no therapeutic value?

Answer 3

True

Question 4

When does nicotine have a therapeutic value?

Answer 4

In smoking cessation programs

Question 5

How many deaths approximately each day is tobacco use related too?

Answer 5

Approximately 100

Question 6

When did the use of tobacco increase and why?

Answer 6

• From the 1940’s-1970’s

- Because it was though as “cool”

Question 7

True or False? It is not nicotine which is responsible for the long-term effects of smoking, but other compounds found in tobacco and tobacco smoke.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Nicotine stimulates _______________ in the ___________________, including the ____________, producing increased psychomotor activity, cognitive function, attention and enhanced memory

Answer 8

Nicotinic receptors, Central nervous system, cerebral cortex

Question 9

When nicotine stimulates the nicotinic receptors, central nervous system and cerebral cortex what does this cause?

Answer 9

• Increased psychomotor activity, cognitive function, attention and enhanced memory

Question 10

What does large doses of nicotine cause?

Answer 10

In large doses, it can cause agitation, tremors and seizures

Question 11

In the peripheral nervous system what does nicotine stimulate? What is the result?

Answer 11

• Sympathetic ganglia and thus drives the sympathetic nervous system
• Increase in hear rate an blood pressure

Question 12

Nicotine has powerful ______________ and it is ________ in ________ products that is responsible for the _________.

Answer 12

reinforcing properties, nicotine, tobacco, dependence

Question 13

Is nicotine from cigarette smoke rapidly absorbed?

Answer 13

• Yes

- Nicotine is cigarettes are in very small particles and when inhaled these droplets are rapidly absorbed

Question 14

How many % of nicotine is absorbed following “Normal Smoking”

Answer 14

20%

Question 15

True or False? Nicotine is available in gum and patches?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Name 3 ways other than smoking a cigarette that nicotine is absorbed?

Answer 16

Nicotine is absorbed as well, from the gastrointestinal tract, oral mucosa and across the skin (transdermal) (nicotine is available as a gum and as patches).

Question 17

Nicotine is distributed throughout the body and __________________________

Answer 17

Rapidly penetrates to the brain

Question 18

True or false? Nicotine cannot cross the placenta?

Answer 18

• False

- It readily crosses the placenta and may have deleterious effects on the fetus.

Question 19

What is the half life of nicotine in the body?

Answer 19

2 hours

Question 20

Nicotine is rapidly metabolized in the ________ and the metabolites are excreted in the ________

Answer 20

Liver, Urine

Question 21

How is nicotine used in medical use and how is it administered?

Answer 21

• Only is smoking cessation programs

- Chewing gum or a transdermal patches

Question 22

How dose the use of nicotine gum or transdermal patches work?

Answer 22

• Maintain the nicotine in the blood levels and satisfy the craving of the cigarette
• Allows the tapering of of nicotine

Question 23

In a non-smoker how dose a few puffs affect them?

Answer 23

• Dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramps

- The smoke may trigger coughing or gagging. These symptoms disappear in the chronic user.

Question 24

Do effects of a user that only had a few puffs disappear in chronic users?

Answer 24

• Yes

- Dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramps dissapears

Question 25

What are the affects of regular use of nicotinic products?

Answer 25

- Mild euphoria, enhanced arousal, increased ability to concentrate, a sense of relaxation, and of course, a reduction in the urge to smoke - Nicotine may cause a small increase in heart rate and blood pressure. - Nicotine may depress appetite.

Question 26

True or false Nicotine may cause a small increase in heart rate and blood pressure and may depress appetite

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True/False? Cigarette smoking is recognized as the major preventable cause of premature death in Canada.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What dose tobacco smoke contain?

Answer 28

Tobacco smoke contains nicotine, carbon monoxide, and thousands of other compounds, some of which are carcinogens

Question 29

_____ of every _____ Canadians aged ___ who smoke, _____ will die from smoking-related diseases before the age of ___

Answer 29

1, 1000, 20, 500, 70

Question 30

In Canada, ____ of deaths from all causes is attributable to cigarette smoking

Answer 30

21%

Question 31

The social and economic cost of smoking estimates range from _____________ per year in Canada.

Answer 31

$9.5 to $12.3 billion

Question 32

What are the 2 components in cigarette smoke that cause cardiovascular disease?

Answer 32

Nicotine and carbon monoxide

Question 33

How does carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke contribute to cardiovascular disease?

Answer 33

Carbon monoxide reduces the capacity of the red blood cells to carry oxygen.

Question 34

What does nicotine and carbon monoxide in cigarettes increase the likelihood of?

Answer 34

Both of these compounds increase the incidence of atherosclerosis (plaques in the vessel) and formation of thrombi (blood clots).

Question 35

There is a _________ increase in risk of death due to cardiac causes in the smoker.

Answer 35

5- to 19-fold

Question 36

In Canada, ________ people per year will die of smoking-related cardiovascular disease; this is ____of deaths due to all cardiac causes.

Answer 36

- 11,000 | - 1/3

Question 37

True or false? Lung disease is increased by smoking

Answer 37

Trie

Question 38

What is are the symptoms of the smoker's syndrome

Answer 38

- Difficulty in breathing, wheezing, chest pain, congested lung, and increased lung infections.

Question 39

In smokers there is an increased risk of __________ and other forms of ______________________

Answer 39

Emphezema, chronic obstructive lung disease

Question 40

_______ of all cancers are estimated to be caused by cigarette smoke.

Answer 40

30%

Question 41

Cigarette smoke is known to increase the risk of what types of cancers?

Answer 41

Cancer of the lung, the oral cavity and throat, the bladder, and the uterus.

Question 42

The effects of ___________ are also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer to the individual exposed to __________ (a non-smoker in the presence of smokers)

Answer 42

Passive smoke, Passive smoke

Question 43

What is passive smoke?

Answer 43

A non-smoker in the presence of smokers

Question 44

In children passive smoke increases the risk of:

Answer 44

bronchitis and pneumonia, asthma and sudden infant death syndrome.

Question 45

True or False? Biological dependance in smokers is significant

Answer 45

- False | - Biological tolerance does not appear to occur to any great extent.

Question 46

Why do most smokers smoke?

Answer 46

To keep the nicotine in their blood levels in a certain range

Question 47

What is the range than smokers try keep of nicotine in their blood

Answer 47

(30 to 40 nanograms/millilitre)

Question 48

What dose the number of cigarettes smoked each day signify

Answer 48

- The amount that is necessary to keep the nicotine at a certain level

Question 49

True or False? Smokers are in a state of nicotine withdrawal upon awakening in the morning?

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Do Physical and psychological dependence occur with nicotine?

Answer 50

Yes they both do

Question 51

What are the symptoms from withdrawal?

Answer 51

Irritability, restlessness, anxiety, insomnia, fatigue, inability to concentrate, and an extreme urge to smoke.

Question 52

What are the 2 withdrawal symptoms that may persist for months after stopping?

Answer 52

Inability to concentrate, and an extreme urge to smoke.

Question 53

Nicotine is a _____________ and has a high degree of __________

Answer 53

powerful reinforcer, abuse liability

Question 54

True or false? Health Canada and the Royal Society of Canada both state that tobacco products meet all the requirements of addicting substances.

Answer 54

True

Question 55

True or False? Nicotine replacement programs (gum or patches) with counselling and support are somewhat more successful than just one or the other.

Answer 55

True