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112L > Lesson 9 | Finals > Flashcards

Lesson 9 | Finals Flashcards

1
Q

Study of joints

A

Arthrology

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2
Q

Means “joints”

A

Arthr

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3
Q

Other term for joint

A

Articulation / Arthrosis

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4
Q

Joint classifications

A
  • Structural classification
  • Functional classification
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5
Q

Point of contact between two bones

A

Joint

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6
Q

Structural classification basis

A

Based on anatomical structures

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7
Q

Criteria for structural classification

A
  • Presence/ Absence of Synovial Joint
  • Type of Connective Tissue
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8
Q

Functional classification basis

A

Based on the type of movement they permit

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9
Q

Criteria for functional classification

A

Degree of movement

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10
Q

Joints according to structural classifications

A
  • Fibrous
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial
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11
Q

Joints according to functional classifications

A
  • Synathrosis
  • Ampiarthrosis
  • Diarthrosis
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12
Q

Presence of synovial cavity in structurally classified joints

A

Fibrous : None
Cartilaginous: None
Synovial: Present

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13
Q

Type of connective tissue present at structurally clasified joints

A

Fibrous : Dense irregular connective tissue
Cartilaginous: Cartilage
Synovial: Dense irregular connective tissue

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14
Q

Immovable

A

Synarthrosis

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15
Q

Slightly movable/ Limited movement

A

Ampiarthrosis

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16
Q

Freely movable

A

Diarthrosis

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17
Q

Classified functionally as either synarthrosis or ampiarthrosis

A

Fibrous joints and Cartilaginous joints

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18
Q

Fibrous joints

A
  • Sutures
  • Syndesmoses
  • Interosseous Membrane
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19
Q

Found only in the skull

A

Sutures

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20
Q

Sutures

A
  • Coronal suture
  • Squamous suture
  • Lamboidal suture
  • Sagittal suture
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21
Q

Functional classification depends on one’s age

A

Sutures

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22
Q

Functional classification of sutures

A

Immovable (Synarthrosis) in adults;
Slightly movable (ampiarthrosis) in infants (joints need to expand)

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23
Q

More dense irregular CT and arranged as bundle

A

Syndesmoses

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24
Q

How CTs are arranged in syndesmoses

A

as bundle (ligament)

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25
Q

Syndesmoses examples

A
  • Distal tibiofibular joint (ampiarthrosis)
  • Gomphosis (synarthrosis)
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26
Q

Gomphosis other term

A

dentoalveolar joint

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27
Q

Gomphosis articulating bones

A

Root of teeth & alveolar part of mandible

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28
Q

Only fibrous joint that is functionally classified as ampiarthrosis only

A

Interosseous membrane

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29
Q

Substantial sheet of dense irregular CT

A

Interosseous membrane

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30
Q

Binds neighboring long bones

A

Dense irregular CT

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31
Q

Where are Interosseous membranes found?

A

Found in parallel long bones of the body (radius-ulna; tibia-fibula)

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32
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A
  • Synchondroses
  • Symphyses
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33
Q

Connecting material of synchondroses

A

Hyaline cartilage

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34
Q

Functional classification of synchondroses

A

Immovable (synarthrosis)

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35
Q

Exapmle of synchondroses

A

Epiphyseal (growth) plate
Costal cartilage

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36
Q

Where is an epiphyseal (growth) plate found?

A

Found in growing long bone

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37
Q

An epiphyseal (growth) plate becomes a/n —

A

epiphyseal line

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38
Q

Connecting material of symphyses

A

Fibrocartilage connective tissue

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39
Q

Functional classification of symphyses

A

Slightly movable joint (ampiarthrosis)

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40
Q

Example of a symphyses

A
  • Symphysis pubis
  • Intervertebral joint
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41
Q

Articulating bones of symphysis pubis

A

Right and left pubic bones

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42
Q

Functional classification of synovial joints

A
  • Freely movable (Diarthroses)
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43
Q

Ends of articulating bones are covered by articular cartilage (ex. radius-ulna)

A

Synovial joints

44
Q

There is a space found in between the articulating bones

A

Synovial joints

45
Q

Synovial joints contain a space between bones called the —

A

synovial cavity

46
Q

basis for the types of synovial joints

A

shape of the articulating surface

47
Q

Shape of plane joint’s articulating surface

A

flat/slightly curved

48
Q

Movement of plane joints

A

GLIDING
Biaxial: back & forth, side-to-side movement

49
Q

Example of a plane joint

A

Intercarpal joints
Intertarsal joints

50
Q

Refers to the line a joint permits/ movement in terms of axis

51
Q

Convex (outward) surface fits into concave (inward) surface of another bone

A

Hinge joint

52
Q

Motion of hinge joints

A

Uniaxial: Flexion and extension

53
Q

Example of a hinge joint

A
  • Elbow joint
  • Tibiotalar/ ankle joint
54
Q

Articulating surfaces of the elbow joint

A

Convex: humerus;
concave: ulna

55
Q

Articulating surfaces of the tibiotalar/ ankle joint

A

Convex: talus;
concave: tibia

56
Q

Hinge joints have the same appearance as a/n —

A

door hinge

57
Q

Projection of bone articulates with a ring or notch of another bone

A

Pivot joint

58
Q

Motion of pivot joints

A

Uniaxial: Rotation

59
Q

Means that it rotates on its own axis

60
Q

Example of a pivot joint

A

Atlanto-axial joint (C1-C2)

61
Q

Articulating surfaces of the Atlanto-axial joint (C1-C2)

A

Ring: C1;
Dens: Projection

62
Q

Oval-shaped projection fits into oval0shaped depression of another bone (oval-shaped convex and concave)

A

Condyloid joint

63
Q

Motion of a condyloid joint

A

Biaxial: Flexion-extension; abduction-adduction

64
Q

Example of a condyloid joint

A
  • Metacarpophalangeal joint;
  • wrist joint
65
Q

Articular ends of one bone are saddle-shaped

66
Q

Motion of saddle

A

Biaxial: Flexion-extension; abduction-adduction

67
Q

Example of a saddle joint

A

Carpometacarpal joint

68
Q

Ball-and-socket motion

A

Triaxial:
- flexion-extension
- abduction-adduction
- rotation

69
Q

Only synovial joint considered triaxial

A

Ball-and-socket

70
Q

Example of a ball-and-socket

A
  • Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
  • Acetabulofemoral (hip) joint
71
Q

Articulating bones of the shoulder joint

A

Glenoid & head of humerus

72
Q

Movements at synovial joints may indicate (1), (2), or (3) during movement

A
  1. form of motion
  2. direction of movement
  3. relationship of one body part to another
73
Q

Movements at synovial joints

A

Gliding
Angular movements
Rotation
Special movements

74
Q

Flat bone surfaces move back & forth and from side-to-side (Plane joint)

75
Q

Bones involved in gliding movements

A

flat bones

76
Q

Subcategories of gliding movements

A
  • back and forth
  • side-to-side
77
Q

Increase or decrease in the angle between articulating bones

A

Angular movement

78
Q

Angular movements

A
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Hyperextension
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Circumduction
    ACE HAF
79
Q

To bend

A

Flexion: flex → to bend

80
Q

To stretch out

A

Extension: exten → to stretch out

81
Q

Sometimes return to anatomical position ofter flexing

82
Q

Beyond or excessive

A

Hyperextension: hyper → beyond or excessive

83
Q

Continuation of extension beyond anatomical position

A

Hyperextension

84
Q

Abduction and adduction basis

85
Q

To lead away

A

Abduction: ab → away
: duct → to lead

86
Q

To lead toward

A

Adduction: ad → toward
: duct → to lead

87
Q

Ulnar vs radial deviation

A

Radial deviation: Abduction
Ulnar deviation: Adduction

88
Q

Movement of distal part in a circular manner

A

Circumduction

89
Q

Means “Circle”

90
Q

What body part is moving in a circumduction movement?

A

Distal part

91
Q

Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis

92
Q

Joint responsible for rotation

A

Pivot joint

93
Q

Occur only at certain joints

A

Special movements

94
Q

Special movements

A

ARM
- Supination
- Pronation
FOOT
- Dorsiflexion
- Plantar flexion
MANDIBLE
- Protraction
- Retraction
SOLE
- Inversion
- Eversion

95
Q

Movement of the forearm; turn palm anteriorly (facing upward/ toward)

A

Supination

96
Q

Palm is turned posteriorly

97
Q

Anterior part is facing backward

98
Q

Bending of the foot at the ankle in the direction of the dorsum

A

Dorsiflexion

99
Q

Dorsi meaning

A

upper / dorsum / top part of foot

100
Q

Direction of the plantar or inferior surface

A

Plantar flexion

101
Q

Plantar meaning

A

Sole of the foot

102
Q

To draw forth

A

Protraction

103
Q

To draw back

A

Retraction

104
Q

Special movements in the mandible

A

Protraction. Retraction

105
Q

Muscle responsible for protraction

106
Q

Muscle responsible for retraction

A

Temporalis

107
Q

Differentiate the special movements found in the foot

A

Inversion: to turn inward
Eversion: to turn outward

112L (9 decks)

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