Lesson 3 | Prelim Flashcards
Comprehension of Body Cavities, Abdominal Regions and Quadrants, Planes, Body Habitus, and Directional Terms
Standard body position
- Standing upright
- Feet flat on the ground (parallel w/ each other)
- Upper limbs at the side
- Palms facing forawrd
- Face is directed forward (not flexed)
Spaces within the body that helps protect, separate, and support internal organs
Body cavitites
Provides spaces for the internal organs to adjust
Body cavities
Contains membranes and bones
Body cavities
Enclosed by the skull and contains the brain
Cranial cavity
Contains the spinal cord
Vertebral cavity
Contains pleural and pericardial cavities, and mediastinum
Thoracic Cavity
Major body cavities
Dorsal (Cranial & Spinal)
Ventral (Thoracic & Abdominopelvic)
What does the abdominal cavity contain?
Gallbladder
Liver
Most of the large intestines
Small intestine
Spleen
Stomach
What does the pelvic cavity contain?
Internal orgarns of the rep system
Portions of the large intestine
Urinary bladder
An imaging modality that usually ecxamins the reproducctive system
Pelvic ultrasound
2 perpendicular lines intersecting at the umbilicus
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
More widely used for anatomical studies
Abdominopelvic Regions
The abdominopelvic quadrants is used more for locating what?
Pain
Tumor
Abnormalities
Suffic meaning below
Hypo
Suffix meaning above
Epi
Suffix meaning belly
Gastric
Suffix meaning cartilage
Chondriac
Imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body parts
Body Planes
Importance of body planes
Basis for centering the patient to the cassette/ IR, If the patient isn’t centered in the IR, the resulting image may be cut off
Vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left
Sagittal Plane
2 types of sagittal plane
Parasagittal
Midsagittal (MSP)
Type of sagittal plane that is important in the field of radiology
Midsagittal plane
Divides into anterior (front) and posterior (back)
Coronal Plane/ Frontal Plane
MCP meaning
Midcoronal plane
Divides into superior (upper) and inferior (lower)
Transverse Plane/ Horizontal/ Axial
Passes through the body or organ at an oblique angle
Oblique Plane
Formed by the biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with the jaws closed
Occlusal Plane
Imaginary line from the inferior orbital margin to the external auditory meatus
IOML: Infraorbitomeatal line
Importance of the IOML
Positioning the patient in skull examination. IOML should be perpendicular to the cassette
Infraorbitomeatal line is an imaginary line from the (1) to the (2)
- inferior orbital margin
- external auditory meatus
Common variation in the shape of the human body
Body Habitus
4 Body Habitus
Asthenic
Hyposthenic
Sthenic
Hypersthenic
Moderately heavy build
Sthenic
Describe the stomach position of a sthenic body type
High and to the left
Frail build
Asthenic
Body habitus that has the longest thorax
Asthenic
Describe the thorax and abdomen of an asthenic body type
Long thorax, short low lying abdomen
Largest size of cassette is used in examining this body type
Asthenic
Intermediate between the sthenic and asthenic
Hyposthenic
Most difficult body type to identify
Hyposthenic
Their organs are lower than sthenic
Hyposthenic
Massive body build
Hypersthenic
Describe the thorax, abdomen, and stomach of a hypersthenic body type
Short thorax; long abdomen
Highlying/ horizontally centered stomach
Describes the relationship of body parts in the anatomic position
Directional Terms
Nearer to the midline
Medial / Mesial
Farther from the midline
Lateral
Closer to the point of attachment or origin
Proximal
Farther from the point of attachment or origin
Distal
Refers to parts toward the head of the body
Cephalic/Cranial
Refers to parts away from the head of the body
Caudal
What makes cephalic-caudal distinct from superior-inferior?
Cephalic-caudal are terms more commonly used in radiology when talking about direction of central ray
Refer to parts within or on the inside of an organ
Internal
Parts outside an organ or on the outside of the body
External
Parts near the skin or surface
Superficial
Parts far from the surface
Deep
Nearer the head or situated above
Superior
Nearer the feet or situated below
Inferior
Covering of an organ
Visceral
Wall or lining of a body cavity
Parietal
Longitudinal Planes
Coronal Plane
Sagittal Plane
Oblique Plane
Transverse Planes
Horizontal/Transverse Plane
Oblique Plane
Planes of the Skull
Occlusal Plane
IOML: Infraorbitomeatal Line
