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Network+ > Lesson 9: Explaining Transport Layer Protocols > Flashcards

Lesson 9: Explaining Transport Layer Protocols Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the transport layer protocols (Layer 4)?

A

Establishes end-end connections by linking the application layer to the network.

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2
Q

What is a port?

A

A unique number assigned to a particular application protocol used to identify the service once the packet has been routed to the destination

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3
Q

What is a well known port?

A

Port numbers 0-1023

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4
Q

What is the highest port number available?

A

65,535

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5
Q

Define a socket

A

The combination of a ip address and port number

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6
Q

What is the difference between a server socket and a client socket?

A

A server socket can support multiple connections from multiple client sockets

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7
Q

Define TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

A

Transport layer protocol providing connection-oriented guaranteed communication using acknowledges to ensure delivery

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8
Q

How does TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) function?

A

TCP divides data from an application into segments (based on MTU) each with its own header while providing acknowledgements of receipt, sequencing, and retransmissions

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9
Q

What are the fields in a TCP datagram?

A
  1. Source/Destination port
  2. Sequence number
  3. Ack number
  4. Data length
  5. Flags
  6. Window
  7. Checksum
  8. Options
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10
Q

What is the purpose of the sequence number field in a TCP datagram?

A

The seq number is sent by the TCP initiator identifying the current segment of data allowing the receiver to rebuild the message with out of order packets

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the ack number field in a TCP datagram?

A

The seq number is sent by the TCP server/recipient, which is the sequence number of the previous segment with an increment of 1 (+1), and lets the original sender know if retransmission of the data is necessary

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the data length field in a TCP header?

A

Defines length of TCP segment

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the flags field in a TCP header?

A

Identifies type of content in the segment (ACK, SYN, FIN, etc.)

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the window field in a TCP header?

A

The amount of data the host is willing to receive before sending another acknowledgement allowing one side of the communication to tell the other side to slow the sending rate

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the urgent pointer field in a TCP header?

A

Identifies if urgent data is being sent

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16
Q

What process takes place to establish a TCP connection?

A

Three-way handshake

17
Q

What is the first step in a 3-way handshake?

A

The client enters SYN-SENT state and sends a segment with the TCP flag “SYN” to the server

18
Q

What is the second step in a 3-way handshake?

A

The server responds with a SYN/ACK segment and enters the SYN-RECEIVED state

19
Q

What is the third step in a 3-way handshake?

A

The client responds with an ACK segment, creating a connection between client and server

20
Q

What causes a client to retransmit data?

A
  1. A period of time passes without the sender receiving an acknowledgement
  2. The client receives a failed transmission flag
21
Q

What process takes place to close a TCP connection?

A

TCP connection teardown

22
Q

Define UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

A

Transport layer protocol that is connectionless and is a non-guaranteed communication method with no flow control or retransmission

23
Q

What are the fields in a UDP (User Datagram Protocol) header?

A
  1. Source/Destination Port
  2. Message length
  3. Checksum
24
Q

What is the size of a UDP header and TCP header?

A

UDP header is 8 bytes (64 bits) max; TCP header is 20+ bytes (160+ bits)

25
Q

Define network visibility

A

The ability to verify what exactly is connected to a network and what is being communicated over it

26
Q

What is an IP scanner?

A

Tool that performs host discover

27
Q

What is Nmap?

A

A security scanner program used for IP scanning, auditing, and a pen test tool

28
Q

What is netstat command in windows/Linux?

A

Command to check state of ports on local hosts and which services are configured for the open ports

29
Q

What is a fingerprint scan?

A

Compares specific responses to known information about hardware platforms, OS types and versions, and application/service types and versions

Network+ (19 decks)

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