Lesson 2: Deploying Ethernet Cabling Flashcards
What type of signals does copper cable send?
Electrical signals
Fiber optic cable carries what type of signals?
Infrared light signals
What are the types of fiber cabling?
Single Mode (SMF), MultiMode (MMF), and MMF is categorized by Optical Mode designations (OM1-OM4)
What is the standard IEEE set for Ethernet?
802.3
Describe the naming conventions for 802.3 standards
xBASE-y
x: Bit rate
BASE: Baseband signal mode
-y: Media Type
What Ethernet protocol governs connection and media access?
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collison Detection (CSMA/CD)
What technology was implemented to support 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX
Auto-negotiation
Define auto-negotiation
Mechanism that allows switching technology to sense the speed a cable/interface is capable of communicating at and match it to allow proper communication.
What is the maximum capable cable length for a Cat5e cable?
Up to 100m
What is the technical name for gigabit ethernet defined by IEE 802.3
1000BASE-T
What CAT cable standard is the minimum for gigabit (1 GB) ethernet?
Cat5e
What is the typical use case for 10GB and 40GB Ethernet?
In datacenters or high bandwidth networks.
What is the maximum capable cable distance of 10GB Ethernet?
55 - 100m
What is the maximum capable cable distance of 40GB Ethernet?
30m
What is required to properly implement long cable runs of 10GB and 40GB Ethernet?
Long cable runs of 10GB and 40GB Ethernet must use shielded/screened cables to prevent attenuation.
Define Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
2 or 4 pairs of insulated wires twisted together to form a balanced pair of a negative and a positive wires.
Why are the cable pairs twisted in Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
In a pair, each cable has its own polarity and twisted at different rates to reduce external interferance or crosstalk
What is the benefit of shielded Twisted Pair (STP)?
Less susceptible to interference and crosstalk.
List the types of shielded cables
- Screened/Foiled (F/UTP)
- Fully shielded/foiled (S/FTP)/(F/FTP)
Define Screened/Foiled Unshielded Twisted Pair (F/UTP) Cabling
Consists of two or four unshielded twisted pairs encased together in a foil shield.
Define Fully Shielded Screened/Foiled Twisted Pair (S/FTP) Cabling
Consists of two or four individually foil shielded twisted pairs encased in an overall braided shield; some contain a outer foil shield (F/FTP).
What is required to implement screened/shielded cabling?
Must also use screened/shielded connector, they can’t be mixed with unscreened/unshielded elements.
Define Cat5
Legacy installations only; for networks using hubs/bridges.
Define Cat5e
Gigabit Ethernet (1GB) with distance up to 100m.
Define Cat6
Gigabit Ethernet (1GB) up to 10GB, distance up to 55m.
Define Cat6a
10BG distance up to 100m used, in health care facilities and for horizontal connections between network devices.
Define Cat7
10GBE up to 100m not recognized by TIA.
Define Cat8
40GB Intended for use in data center or high bandwidth devices.
What 3 elements is a fiber optic cable made of?
- Core
- Cladding
- Buffer
Describe the core of a fiber optic cable
Acts as a waveguide by providing transmission path for light signals
Describe Cladding in a fiber optic cable
Cladding is a thing layer surrounding the core that reflects light signals back into the waveguide (core).
Describe the Buffer in a fiber optic cable
A protective plastic coating
What two modes make up fiber optic cabling?
Single Mode Fiber (SMF) and Multimode Fiber (MMF)
How big is the core of a single mode fiber (SMF) cable?
Small core of 8 to 10 microns.
What is the wavelength of a of a single mode fiber (SMF) cable?
Wavelength of 1310 nm or 1550 nm.
How is the signal generated a single mode fiber (SMF) cable?
Infrared light signal generated by a laser.
What is the maximum cable bandwidth/data rate for a single mode fiber (SMF) cable?
Up to 100Gbps
List and define the two grades of Single Mode Fiber cabling
- OS1 - Indoor use
- OS2- Outdoor use
How large is the core of a multi mode fiber (MMF) cable?
Larger core of 50 or 62.5 microns.
What is the wavelength of a multi mode fiber (MMF) cable?
Short wavelength light of 850 nm or 1300 nm.
List and define the four grades of Multimode Mode Fiber
- OM1 and OM2, use LED transmitters and are rated up to 1 Gbps
- OM3 and OM4
What scenario is single mode fiber (SMF) cabling best suited for?
Long distance runs between sites that require high data rates.
What scenario is multi mode fiber (MMF) cabling best suited for?
Suitable for LANs that don’t require long distances or high data rates.
List the types of fiber optic connectors
- Straight Tip (ST)
- Subscriber Connector (SC)
- Local Connector (LC)
- Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack (MTRJ)
Define a Straight Tip (ST) connector
Bayonet-style push/twist connector used mostly in multimode networks
Define a Subscriber Connector (SC)
Push/pull design used in single or multimode networks, commonly used for gigabit ethernet
Define a Local Connector (LC)
Small form factor connector version of SC, used for 1Gbps and up to 40Gbps
Define a Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack (MTRJ)
Duplex connector designed for multimode network
Define a Fiber Transceiver
Used to covert communication between Ethernet and Fiber optic, placed in a switch port and the fiber cable is connected to the transceiver
List the two types of transceivers
- SFP(+)
- QSFP(+)
Define a SFP/SFP+ fiber transceiver
SFP uses LC connectors and is designed for gigabit ethernet while SFP+ supports up to 10Gbps
Define a QSFP/QSFP+ fiber transceiver
QSFP supports up to 4 1Gbps links that are combined to a single 4Gbps channel, while QSFP+ supports 4 10Gbps links that combine to make a single 40Gbps channel
What technology does fiber cabling use to allow “full-duplex”?
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
Define Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
Means of using a single fiber cable to transmit and receive more than one channel/wavelength at a time
Define Bidirectional Wavelength Division Multiplexing
The transmitter sends data using one wavelength, while the receiver receives data using another wavelength. This allows for bidirectional communication over a single fiber.
Define Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Used to deploy four or eight bidirectional channels over a single stand of fiber