Lesson 6: Supporting IPv4 and IPv6 Networks Flashcards
What is the CMD command to set DHCP?
netsh interface ip set address “Ethernet” dhcp
What is the CMD command to set a static IP?
netsh interface ip set address “interface_name” ‘IP addr” “netmask” “Default Gateway”
What is the Linux command to show ip configuration?
ip addr or ifconfig
What is the linux command to report on a single interface?
ip addr show dev “interface_name”
What is the Linux command to show link status? And adding what option reports stats?
ip link will show link status, the “-s’ option in ip -s link reports interface stats
What is the Linux command to enable/disable an interface?
ip link set “interface_name” up|down
What is the Linux command to modify IP address configuraiton?
ip addr add|delete
What is the CMD command to show the ARP cache?
arp -a
What is the CMD command to add an ARP entry?
arp -s “IP address” “MAC address”
What is the CMD command to delete all ARP entries?
arp -d
What is the Linux command to show ARP entries?
ip neigh
What protocol does ping use?
ICMP (internet control message protocol) used to report errors and send messages about packet delivery
What is the CMD command to continuously ping?
ping -t
What is the most practical layer to start troubleshooting using the divide and concur troubleshooting method?
Network layer; issues in this layer are more common than the data link/physical layer, and troubleshooting in this layer allows to determine if there is a hardware area
What does pinging the loopback address verify when troubleshooting?
That TCP/IP is installed and loaded correctly
What file contains the DNS servers in Linux?
/etc/resolv.conf
What is the purpose of IGMP snooping?
A switch configuration that monitors IGMP traffic to control deliver of IGMP traffic
How many bits are in an IPv6 address?
128 bits
What does an IPv6 packet contain?
- Main header
- One or more optional extensions
- Payload
What are the fields in an IPv6 header?
- Source/Destination address
- Version (0110 or 0x06)
- Traffic class
- Flow label
- Payload length
- Next header
- Hop limit
What is the purpose of the traffic class field in an IPv6 header?
Describes the packets priority
What is the purpose of the flow label field in an IPv6 header?
Used for quality of service (QoS) management such as realtime streams; set to 0 for packets not apart of any sequence/structure
What is the purpose of the payload length field in an IPv6 header?
Indicates the length of the packet payload up to 64KB
What is the purpose of the next header field in an IPv6 header?
Used to describe what the next extension header (if any) is or where the actual payload begins
What is the purpose of the next hop field in an IPv6 header?
Equivalent to the TTL field in IPv4
What’s the purpose of extension headers in an IPv4 field?
They replace options in IPV4, that cover specific functions like fragmentation, reassembly, and IPSec
What is the format of an IPv6 address?
It contains 8 16-bit double-octets that are expressed as 4 hex digits
What is canonical notation?
IPv6 addresse format with a double octet of zeros with colon delimitation and zero compression
How is an IPv6 address divided?
64 bits to the network ID and 64 bits to the Interface ID
What type of addressing is not used in IPv6
Broadcast
What does the first 3 bits in the network ID of a globally scoped unicast IPv6 address define?
That the address is within the global scope, in hexadecimal format it is either a 2 or 3
How many bits are assigned to the network ID of and IPv6 address
45 bits
What is an interface ID in IPv6
The host IP address
How are Interface IDs derrived?
- A translation mechanism in the IPv6 driver software creates a 64-bit interface ID from the 48-bit MAC address
- Client devices uses pseudorandom number known as temporary interface ID
What is a link local address in IPv6?
Private addressing that is not forwarded by routers, equivalent to APIPA in IPv4
What is the link local IP range?
fe80::/10; first 10 bits are fe80, the next 54 bits are zero, followed by the last 64-bits of the interface ID.
What is a zone index?
Parameter assigned by a host to distinguish ambiguous interface addresses within a link local scope.
What is the Neighbor Discovery (ND) Protocol?
IPv6 protocol used to identify link local nodes, similar to ARP in IPv4
Name the functions of the Neighbor Discovery (ND) protocol
- Address autoconfiguration
- Prefix discovery
- Local Address resolution
- Redirection
- Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
- ICMPv6
How is address auto configuration performed in IPv6?
A host uses neighbor solicitation (NS) and neighbor advertisement (NA) messages to detect whether an address is already in use on the local network and then the host can configure an IPv6 address
What is prefix discovery?
How a host distinguishes between destinations that are link local destinations that it can reach only through a router.
What is local address resolution?
Allows a host to discover other nodes and routers on the local network (neighbors) by using neighbor solicitation (NS) and neighbor advertisement (NA) messages
What is redirection?
Enables a router to inform a host of a better route to a particular destination.
What is stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC)?
Mechanism used in IPv6 for hosts to assign addresses to interfaces automatically by generating a link local address
How is stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC) performed?
Using Neighbor discovery, the host transmits a Neighbor solicitation (NS) or listens for a Neighbor advertisement (NA) that will provide a network prefix or direct the host to a DHCPv6 server for stateful autoconfiguration
What are the first 8 bits of an IPv6 Multicast address?
1111 1111 (255) or ff used to indicate that the address is within the multicast scope
What IPv6 protocol is used for Multicast?
Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) allows nodes to join a multicast group and discover whether members of a group are present on a local subnet
What function does multicast serve in an IPv6 link local network
It replaces broadcast addressing, allowing an interface to transmit to all interfaces or routers on the same local link
What mechanisms are used to implement IPv4 and IPv6 in a network?
- Dual Stack hosts
- Tunneling
What is a dual stack host?
A host or router that can run both IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously and communicate with devices configured with either type of address
What is tunneling in IPv6?
Used to deliver IPv6 packets across and IPv4 network by encapsulating an IPv6 packet into an IPv4 packet
What protocols enable IPv6 tunneling?
- 6to4 automatic tunneling/IPv6 Rapid deployment (6RD)
- Microsoft Teredo protocol/ Unix Miredo package
- GRE (Generic routing encapsulation)
How does the Teredo protocol function?
IPv6 packets are tunneled as IPv4-based UDP messages over port 3544 and requires compatible clients
What is the prefix for a global unicast IPv6 address?
2000::/3
What is the prefix for a link local unicast IPv6 address?
fe80::/10
What is the prefix for a multicast IPv6 address?
ff00::/8
What is the prefix for a link local multicast IPv6 address?
ff02::/16
What is the prefix for a loopback IPv6 address?
::1/128
