LESSON 9: CARBOHYDRATES

Question 1

Compounds composed of C, O, and H arranged as monosaccharides or multiples of monosaccharides.

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

Question 2

The simplest form of carbohydrates that cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler compounds.

Answer 2

Monosaccharide

Question 3

• the body’s major fuel to provide energy
• also known as physiologic fuel
• found in dextrose, grape sugar, and corn sugar
• provides energy for brain,

Answer 3

GLUCOSE

Question 4

 fruit sugar; also known as levulose
 sweetest of the simple sugars
 found in honey and fruits

Answer 4

Fructose

Question 5

 milk sugar; synthesized in mammary glands
 not found in free state in nature
 some infants are born with an inability to metabolize galactose (galactosemia)

Answer 5

GALACTOSE

Question 6

Two monosaccharides linked together by glycosidic bonds

Answer 6

Disaccharides

Question 7

found in cane & beet sugar, molasses, pineapple, carrots

Answer 7

SUCROSE

Question 8

less soluble and less sweet than sucrose; found in milk

Answer 8

LACTOSE

Question 9

inability to metabolize lactase

Answer 9

*Lactose intolerance

Question 10

Made of less than 15 monosaccharide units

Answer 10

Oligosaccharides -

Question 11

• Complex carbohydrates with >15 monosaccharide units

Answer 11

Polysaccharides

Question 12

Yields glucose upon hydrolysis

Answer 12

starch

Question 13

straight-chained, soluble component
linear chain

Answer 13

AMYLOSE

Question 14

branched orderly and crystalline

Answer 14

Amylopectin

Question 15

Highly branched, tree-like, structured animal polysaccharide; FOUND IN ANIMALS

Answer 15

GLYCOGEN

Question 16

INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS of starch digestion and more soluble and shorter than glucose units

Answer 16

Dextrins

Question 17

Indigestible polysaccharide that is RESISTANT

Answer 17

Cellulose

Question 18

• Insoluble or soluble polysaccharides of various
  monosaccharides with branching chains

Answer 18

Hemicellulose

Question 19

Tough nonpolysaccharide fiber

Answer 19

LIGINS

Question 20

polysaccharide found in seeds

Answer 20

Gums and mucilages

Question 21

the ability to bind minerals

Answer 21

Cation-exchange capacity

Question 22

2 types of FIBER

Answer 22

SOLUBLE
INSOLUBLE

Question 23

what type of fiber are the gums, pectins, some
hemicelluloses, mucilages?

Answer 23

SOLUBLE FIBERS

Question 24

what type of fiber are the cellulose, many
hemicelluloses, lignins

Answer 24

INSOLUBLE FIBERS

Question 25

Meal → blood glucose level → insulin is secreted by pancreas to attain NORMAL
blood glucose by glycogen & fats synthesis

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

Fasting → blood glucose level → glucagon is secreted to INCREASE glucose levels
by glycogenolysis

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

synthesis of GLYCOGEN from glucose that takes place in the LIVER OR MUSCLE

Answer 27

Glycogenesis

Question 28

BREAKDOWN of GLYCOGEN to form glucose; sustains energy needs after 1day fast

Answer 28

Glycogenolysis

Question 29

synthesis of glucose from NON-CARBOHYDRATE SOURCES like glycerol from fat, amino acid, lactate

Answer 29

Gluconeogenesis

Question 30

BREAKDOWN of FATS to GLYCEROL & FATTY ACIDS to provide substrate for energy

Answer 30

LIPOLYSIS

Question 31

synthesis of fats in abundance of CHO

Answer 31

Lipogenesis

Question 32

help liver convert glycogen to
glucose whenever energy is needed by the body

Answer 32

GLUCAGONS

Question 33

• Indigestible but soluble fiber that highly absorbs water gel quality

Answer 33

PECTIN

Question 34

structural parts of plants that are not hydrolyzed by enzymes

Answer 34

FIBER

Question 35

– intermediate products of fat metabolism

Answer 35

KETONES