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Basic Nutrition > LESSON 8: ENERGY BALANCE > Flashcards

LESSON 8: ENERGY BALANCE Flashcards

1
Q

Capacity to do work

A

ENERGY

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2
Q

The MEASUREMENT of HEAT or ENERGY produced by food in the body

A

CALORIMETRY

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3
Q

LEVEL OF ENERGY INTAKE from food that SHOULD MEET the nutritional needs

A

Energy Requirement

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4
Q

AMOUNT OF ENERGY spent in maintaining the voluntary and involuntary activities of the body as well as the thermogenic effect of food

A

Energy expenditure

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5
Q

ENERGY MADE available to the body by the oxidation of nutrients from food

A

Energy Intake

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6
Q

TOTAL AMOUNT OF CONSUMED ENERGY
versus the amount of energy expended

A

Energy balance

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7
Q

makes use of a bomb calorimeter or a respiration chamber as instruments to measure heat production directly

A

Direct Calorimetry

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8
Q

well-insulated container used to measure the heat produced by a known amount of food when it is burned

A

Bomb calorimeter

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9
Q

small well-insulated room

A

Respiration Chamber

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10
Q

calculated from oxygen consumption

A

Energy expenditure of humans

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11
Q

At water or physiologic fuel values (PFVs), 4, 4, and 9 kcal for
C, P and F content of food, respectively

A

Energy value of food

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12
Q

– the source is OXYGEN

A

CLOSED CIRCUIT

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13
Q

– the source of oxygen is OUTSIDE

A

OPEN CIRCUIT

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14
Q

When energy intake is _____ expenditure, the individual is in _____ energy
balance. It means that the body tissues, particularly body fat, are broken down (CATABOLISM) to provide the needed energy.

A

LESS THAN
NEGATIVE

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15
Q

When energy intake EQUALS energy expenditure, the individual is said to be in state of ENERGY BALANCE. → results in WEIGHT MAINTENANCE & maintenance of body composition that normally is about 15% & 25% body fat for males & females, respectively

true or false

A

true

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16
Q

When energy intake is greater than energy expenditure, the individual is in positive energy balance. This indicates tissue synthesis (ANABOLISM)

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

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17
Q

FOUR Factors affecting energy intake

A
  • HUNGER
  • APPETITE
  • SATIETY
  • SATIATION
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18
Q

irritating feeling that motivates a person to eat

A

HUNGER

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19
Q

physiologic desire to eat
Psychological; A learned response to food

A

APPETITE

20
Q

stops you from eating; suppresses hunger

A

SATIETY

21
Q

maintains the signal not to start eating again

A

SATIATION

22
Q

– contains feeding and satiety centers that control food intake

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

23
Q

chemical produced in the brain that stimulates appetite, diminishes energy expenditure and increases fat storage

A

Neuropeptide Y

24
Q

hormone encoded by the ob gene in the adipose tissue

A

Leptin

25
Q

Voluntary movement of the muscles and the support system

A

Physical Activity

26
Q

increase in fat cell SIZE

A

Hypertrophy

27
Q

increase in fat cell NUMBER

A

Hyperplasia

28
Q

 An excessive amount of fat in the body
 Body weights of greater than 120% of desirable weight

A

OBESITY

29
Q

Promote rapid weight loss, limited food selections, offer testimonials from famous people, billed as “cure-alls”, include expensive supplements & no attempt to alter food
habits

A

Fad Diets

30
Q

– an epinephrine-like drug can cause slight decrease in food intake

A

Phenylpropanolamine

31
Q

– numbs the tongue

A

Benzocaine

32
Q

it blunts the appetite

A

Caffeine

33
Q

2 Types of Obesity

A
  • Android/ Apple-shaped
  • Gynoid/ Gynecoid/ Pear-shaped
34
Q

Central obesity (fat around abdomen)

A
  • Android/ Apple-shaped
35
Q

Fat around thighs & hips
More common in females

A
  • Gynoid/ Gynecoid/ Pear-shaped
36
Q

Indicator of fat distribution associated with health risk

A

WAIST HIP RATIO

37
Q

Waist Desirable values for
 Women =
 Men =

A

<0.8
<0.95

38
Q

standard for estimating energy needs

A

Indirect Calorimetry

39
Q

What are the FOUR ENERGY-YIELDING COMPONENTS of FOODS

A

CARBOHYDRATE
PROTEIN
FATS
ALCOHOL

40
Q

A condition wherein body weight is less than 90% of DBW

A

UNDERWEIGHT

41
Q

Eating disorders which has DISTORTED BODY IMAGE brought by familial or environmental influence (media etc.)
- Refusal to gain weight

A

Anorexia Nervosa

42
Q

Stress, loneliness, boredom
Binge-eating, self-induced vomiting

A

Bulimia Nervosa

43
Q

– position & inflate a BALLON inside stomach without surgery; removed
- after 3 months to minimize gastric ulcer, internal bruising and intestinal blockage

A

Gastric balloons

44
Q

connected the first foot of the jejunum to the last 4 inches of the ileum, bypassing approximately 12 feet of intestinal absorptive area

A

Intestinal bypass

45
Q

tolerate only LIQUID DIET

A

JAW WIRING

46
Q

plastic surgeons extract fat deposits by suction lipectomy

A

LIPOSUCTION

Basic Nutrition (10 decks)

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